Face and Parotid Region

Question 1

Identify the sinus cavities of the skull.

Answer 1

Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoidal sinus (posterior to ethmoid)
Maxillary sinus

Question 2

The sinus cavities of the skull are also know as ____________.

Answer 2

The paranasal sinuses

Question 3

The product of the paranasal sinuses is ________, and it drains into the ___________.

Answer 3

mucous; nasal cavity

Question 4

Name the bones that form the floor of the orbit.

Answer 4

Maxilla bone

Zygomatic bone

Question 5

Names the bones that form the roof of the orbit.

Answer 5

Frontal bone

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Question 6

Name the bones that form the medial wall of the orbit.

Answer 6

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Question 7

Name the bones that form the lateral wall of the orbit.

Answer 7

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Zygomatic bone

Question 8

Which orbital wall bone is the thinnest and breaks during a blowout fracture of the orbit, allowing orbital fat into the maxillary sinus.

Answer 8

Maxilla

Question 9

What structures can be damaged during a blowout fracture of the orbit?

Answer 9

Infraorbital nerve and artery

Question 10

Which facial expression muscles produce raised eyebrows and a wrinkled forehead?

Answer 10

frontalis muscle (occipitofrontalis)

Question 11

Which facial expression muscles produce a wink or blinking?

Answer 11

orbicularis oculi

Question 12

Which facial expression muscles produce flared nostrils?

Answer 12

levator labii superioris and the alar part of the nasalis muscle

Question 13

Which facial expression muscles produce a cheek bubble?

Answer 13

orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles

Question 14

Which facial expression muscles produce a smile?

Answer 14

zygomatic minor and major

Question 15

Which facial expression muscles produce dilation of the mouth?

Answer 15

zygomatic minor and major
and risorius (not on the structure info list) muscles

Question 16

Which facial expression muscles produce puckering lips?

Answer 16

orbicularis oris

Question 17

Which facial expression muscles produce a frown?

Answer 17

depressor anguli oris

Question 18

Which facial expression muscles produce tension of the skin of the neck?

Answer 18

platysma muscle

Question 19

Which facial expression muscles produce separated lips?

Answer 19

levator labii superioris and depressor labii inferioris

Question 20

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

Answer 20

From the orbital margin & medial palpebral ligament to the superficial fascia of the eyelid

A palpebral sphincter (closes the eyes)

Temporal & Zygomatic branches of the Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 21

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the orbicular oris muscle?

Answer 21

From the angle of the mouth to the superficial fascia of the upper lip

An oral sphincter (closes the mouth)

Buccal & Mandubular branches of the Facial nerve

Question 22

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the zygomatic major muscle?

Answer 22

From the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth

Raises the buccal angle

Buccal & Zygomatic branches of the Facial nerve

Question 23

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the levator labii superioris?

Answer 23

From the inferior orbital margin to the lateral aspect of the upper lip

Raises and everts the upper lip

Buccal & Zygomatic branches of the Facial nerve

Question 24

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the depressor anguli oris muscle?

Answer 24

From the mandible to the buccal angle

Depresses the buccal angle laterally

Buccal & Mandibular branches of the Facial nerve

Question 25

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the buccinator muscle?

Answer 25

From the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the buccal angle Compress cheeks Buccal branch of the facial nerve

Question 26

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the platysma muscle?

Answer 26

From the lower border of the mandible to the superficial fascia of the skin of the neck overlying the clavicle Wrinkles the anterior nuchal skin Cervical branch of the Facial nerve

Question 27

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 27

From the superficial fascia of the eyebrows to the epicranial aponeurosis Protracts the scalp or elevates the eyebrows and nose Temporal branch of the Facial nerve

Question 28

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of the nasalis muscle?

Answer 28

From the maxilla lateral and inferior to the nasal notch to the bridge & ala of the nose Transverse fibers compress Alar fibers widen the nasal aperture Buccal branch of the Facial nerve

Question 29

What are the craniofacial muscles?

Answer 29

``` Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Nasalis Buccinator Zygomaticus major Orbicularis oris Levator labii superioris Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Platysma ```

Question 30

The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the __________.

Answer 30

hyoid bone

Question 31

The __________________ forms at the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins.

Answer 31

Retromandibular vein

Question 32

The retromandibular vein divides in anterior and posterior divisions at the ___________.

Answer 32

mandible

Question 33

The ________ division of the retromandibular vein and the common facial vein join together to form the ____________.

Answer 33

anterior division; internal jugular vein

Question 34

The __________ division of the reromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein join together to form the ____________________.

Answer 34

posterior divison; external jugular vein

Question 35

The _____________ veins allow communication between the 2 venous plexuses of the head and beck.

Answer 35

Sphenoidal emissary veins

Question 36

What are the 2 venous plexuses of the head and neck, and where are they located?

Answer 36

Pterygoid plexus in intercranial. Cavernous sinus plexus is extracranial.

Question 37

The _______ plexus drains into the _______ plexus.

Answer 37

Pterygoid plexus drains into the Cavernous plexus via the sphenoidal emissary veins

Question 38

The left and right vertebral arteries come together to form the _________.

Answer 38

Basilar artery

Question 39

80% of the time, the vertebral artery does not pass through __________.

Answer 39

The transverse process of C7

Question 40

What are the superficial nodes of the head, and what do they drain into?

Answer 40

``` Occipital Mastoid Parotid Facial Retropharyngeal ``` -All drain into the superior deep cervical node, which drains into the inferior deep cervical node

Question 41

What are the superficial cervical lymph nodes, and what do they drain into.

Answer 41

Submandibular - drains into superior deep cervical node Submental Anterior cervical Lateral cervical -Drain into the inferior deep cervical node

Question 42

What arteries supply the thyroid, and where do they branch off?

Answer 42

Superior thyroid artery off of the external carotid a. Inferior thyroid artery off of the thryocervical trunk

Question 43

The __________ branches off the _________ and bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries. On the right side, it branches off of the __________.

Answer 43

Left common carotid; the arch of the aorta Braciocepehalic Trunk

Question 44

What are branches of the external carotid, and which one is the terminal branch?

Answer 44

Ascending pharyngeal a. Occipital a. Posterior Auricular a. Superficial temporal a. (terminal) Superior thyroid a. Lingual a. Facial a. Maxillary a. (through the infratemporal fossa)

Question 45

What structures make up the cerebral arterial circle?

Answer 45

``` L&R posterior cerebral arteries L&R posterior communicating arteries L&R internal carotids L&R anterior cerebral arteries the anterior communicating artery ```

Question 46

What accounts for 80% of the blood supply to the brain?

Answer 46

internal carotid arteries

Question 47

What accounts for 20% of blood supply to the brain?

Answer 47

the vertebral arteries

Question 48

The venous blood(dural sinuses) of the brain drains into the internal jugular vein through the __________.

Answer 48

``` jugular foramen (sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus directly drain into IJ) ```

Question 49

On the left side, the inferior deep cervical lymph node drains into the L jugular trunk, to the ______________, and then to the jugulosubclavian junction.

Answer 49

Thoracic duct

Question 50

On the right side, the inferior deep cervical lymoh node drains into the R jugular trunk, to the _____________, and then to the jugulosubclavian junction.

Answer 50

R lymphatic duct