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Clinical Anatomy 1 Maddy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

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1
Q

The intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins are positioned ______ to the _______ __________ muscles.

A

Deep; Internal intecostal

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2
Q

The intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins are all positioned directly _________ to the ribs.

A

inferior

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3
Q

The internal thoracic artery is positioned _____________ to the first six costal cartilages.

A

posterior (deep)

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4
Q

What are the attachments of the external intercostal muscles?

A

From rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial (down and in)

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5
Q

What are the actions of the external intercostal muscles?

A

elevation of ribs

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6
Q

What is the innervations of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves (segmental)

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the thorax?

A

External intercostals, internal & innermost intercostals, transversus thoracic, and diaphragm

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A

From rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral (down and out)

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9
Q

What are the actions of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A

depression of ribs

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal nerves (segmental)

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the transversus thoracic muscle?

A

from posterior sternum to costal cartilages

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12
Q

What are the actions of the transversus thoracic muscle?

A

depress ribs

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus thoracic muscle?

A

intercostal nerves (segmental)

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the diaphragm muscle?

A

from the xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs & costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon

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15
Q

What are the actions of the diaphragm muscle?

A

inspiration (negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement)

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16
Q

What are the innervation and spinal segments of the diaphragm muscle?

A

phrenic nerve

C3 - C5

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17
Q

What houses the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve?

A

the costal groove of the shaft of the ribs

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18
Q

The grooves of which rib house the subclavian artery and vein?

A

first rib

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19
Q

Name the boundaries and general contents of the thoracic cavity

A

Posterior: Spine
Anterior: Sternum
Inferior: Diaphragm
Superior: Superior Thoracic Aperture (opening between the 1st rib, vertebral column, and sternum)

Contains primarily organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

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20
Q

Name the compartments of the thoracic cavity

A

Superior mediastinum
Right pleural cavity (R lung)
Left pleural cavity (L lung)
Inferior mediastinum

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21
Q

Describe the components and functions of the thoracic wall

A

Composed of skin, subcutaneous tissue, ribs, intercostal muscles

Functions: protection, respiration, and muscle attachment

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22
Q

Where is the thoracic wall located?

A

outside of the thoracic cavity

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23
Q

What are the three different types of ribs?

A

True 1-7
False 8-10
Floating 11, 12

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24
Q

What makes a rib a “true” rib?

A

direct cartilaginous attachment to the sternum

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25
What makes a rib a "false" rib?
Indirect connection to the sternum (the costal cartilage coalesce prior to attaching to the sternum)
26
What makes a rib a "floating" rib?
No attachment to the sternum
27
Describe the general structure of a rib.
A single thoracic vertebra articulates with a pair of ribs. Most medially is the head of the rib, then a neck, a costal tubercle, a costal angle (the sharp bending of the rib from medio/lateral to anterior/posterior), the shaft of the rib which then connects to the sternum via cartilage
28
Name the three rib joints and their synovial classification.
Costovertebral (head of rib to the vertebral body) Costotransverse (costal tubercle to the transverse process) Sternocostal (sternum to costal cartilage) All plane or gliding classification
29
Explain the unique landmarks of the first rib
Scalene tubercle - a swelling as a result of the attachment to the anterior scalene muscle Groove for subclavian artery (posterior to tubercle) Groove for the subclavian vein (anterior to tubercle)
30
Describe the unique landmarks of the sternum
Formed from 3 separate pieces that have fused Manubrium Body Xiphoid process
31
Subclavian vein is __________ to subclavian artery,
anterior
32
What are the bony features of the manubrium of the sternum?
Jugular notch and clavicular notch/facet
33
What are the bony features of the body of the sternum?
Sternal angle (interphase joint between manubrium and the body), costal notches/facets
34
Where does the second rib attach to the sternum?
sternal angle between manubrium and body of the sternum
35
The neurovasculature is positioned _________ the innermost intercostal muscle and the internal intercostal muscle.
between
36
What are the respiratory movements during inspiration and respiration for the medial &lateral dimensions?
Inspiration: Ribs elevate and move the middle of shaft laterally (bucket handle) resulting in a larger thoracic cavity laterally Expiration: Ribs depress and move middle of shaft medially resulting in a reduction in the size of the thoracic cavity
37
What are the respiratory movements during inspiration and respiration for the anterior & posterior dimensions?
Inspiration: Ribs elevate and move sternum upward and forward (pump handle) Expiration: Ribs depress and move sternum downard and backward reducing the thoracic cavity volume
38
What is the goal of respiration?
Decrease volume of the thoracic cavity
39
What is the goal inspiration?
Increase volume of the thoracic cavity
40
An intercostal nerve is another name for the __________ of a thoracic spinal nerve.
Ventral ramus
41
Describe the naming convention of the intercostal nerves T1-T12.
Intercostal nn. (T1-6) Upper intercostal nn, Thoracoabdominal nn. (T2-11) Lower intercostal nn. Subcostal n. (T12)
42
The subcostal nerve is found ________ to the 12th rib.
inferior
43
The subcostal nerve is the _________ of the 12th thoracic spinal nerve.
Ventral ramus
44
What structure serves as a boundary between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
45
The 9th rib has indirect cartilaginous attachment to the sternum, making it what type of rib?
False
46
What rib joint is formed between the head of the rib and the body of the vertebra?
Costovertebral
47
What bony landmark is formed at the union of the manubrium and body of the sternum?
Sternal angle
48
What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to skin over the xiphoid process?
T6
49
What are the functions and spinal segments of the phrenic nerve?
C3-5 Provides sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the pericardium & central tendon (& adjacent pleura & peritoneum) Provides motor & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the diaphragm
50
During contraction, the diaphragm muscle becomes very ______ and ________ displaced.
flat; inferiorly
51
What are the respiratory movements during inspiration and respiration for the vertical dimension?
Inspiration: The diaphragm contracts/displaces inferiorly (depression) allowing the thoracic cavity to enlarge. Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes and returns to domelike shape, so air is forced out of the lungs d/t reduced size in cavity.
52
What are the three dimensions of if respiratory movement?
Vertical Medial/Lateral Anterior/Posterior
53
What are the functions and spinal segments of the subcostal nerve?
T12 Provides sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervations to the skin overlying the lateral and anterior abdominal wall & muscles of the anterior abdominal wall Provides motor innervation to muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
54
What are the 5 thoracic spinal nerves, and do they branch from the dorsal or ventral primary rami.
Ventral primary rami: intercostal, thoracoabdominal, and subcostal nerves Dorsal primary rami: medial branch and lateral branch
55
What are the functions of the medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus?
Provide sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the back muscles & overlying skin Provides motor innervation of the midline of the deep back muscles and facet joints
56
What are the functions of the lateral branch of the dorsal primary ramus?
Provide sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the back muscles & overlying skin Provides motor innervation of deep and superficial back muscles.
57
What are the functions, spinal segments, and branches of the intercostal nerves?
T1-6 Provides sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin, Provides motor innervation to intercostal muscles ``` Branches: Lateral cutaneous br Anterior cutaneous br Collateral br Intercostobrachial nerve (T2 only) ```
58
What are the functions of the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves?
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the lateral aspect of intercostal space
59
What are the functions of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves?
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the anterior aspect of intercostal space
60
What are the functions of the collateral branch of the intercostal nerves?
redundant with the remainder of nerve | [not sure what this means, but it's off the structure info list]
61
What are the functions and spinal segments of the intercostobrachial nerve? Where does it branch off?
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximal & medial aspect of arm T2 only Branches off the upper intercostal nerves
62
What are the functions, spinal segments, and branches of the thoracoabdominal nerves?
T7-11 Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, anterio abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, and parietal pleura Motor innervation of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall Branches: Lateral cutaneous br Anterior cutaneous br Collateral br
63
Upper intercostals nerves are also known as ___________.
Intercostal nerves
64
Lower intercostal nerves are also known as ____________.
Thoracoabdominal
65
What is the function of the lateral cutaneous branch of the thoracoabdominal nerves?
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall
66
What is the function of the anterior cutaneous branch of the thoracoabdominal nerves?
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the rectus abdominis muscle
67
What is the function of the collateral branch of the thoracoabdominal nerves?
Redundant with remainder of nerve
68
What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to skin over the nipple?
T4
69
What dermatome of the thorax corresponds to skin over the umbilicus?
T10

Clinical Anatomy 1 Maddy (8 decks)

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