Face And Scalp Flashcards
1
Q
The scalp consists of ____ layers.
Which layers are intimately bound together?
A
5
First 3
2
Q
Layers of the scalp..
SCALP
A
S- Skin
C- Connective Tissue
A- Aponeurosis
L- Loose areoles connective tissue
P - Pericranium
3
Q
Thick layer of the scalp, with hair and sebaceous glands
A
Skin
4
Q
Fibrous layer of the scalp, with fatty connective tissue with septa that connect the skin to the Aponeurosis
A
Connective tissues
5
Q
a thin tendinous sheet that connects the bellies of the occipitofronalis
Also known as Epicranial
A
Aponeurosis
6
Q
Located in the subaponeurotic space
A
Loose Areolar connective tissue
7
Q
The periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones
A
Pericranium
8
Q
The muscle of the Scalp
A
Occipitofronalis muscle
9
Q
The two parts of the Occipitofronalis muscle
A
Occipital belly and frontal belly
10
Q
Originates from the unchallenged line of the occipital bone and inserts into the Epicranial Aponeurosis
A
Occipital belly
11
Q
Originates from the skin and superficial fascia of the eyebrow area and inserts into the Epicranial Aponeurosis
A
Frontal belly
12
Q
Action of the Occipitofronalis muscle
A
To move the scalp on the skull and raise the eyebrows
13
Q
What innervates the Occipitofronalis muscle?
A
The facial nerve
14
Q
Where are the sensory nerves located?
A
In the superficial fascia
15
Q
What are the 6 sensory nerves of the scalp?
A
Supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, lesser occiptal nerve, greater occipital nerve
16
Q
Branches of the trigeminal nerve
Sensory
A
Supratrochlear and supraorbital (ophthalmic division)
zygomaticotemporal (maxillary)
Auriculotemporal (mandibular)
17
Q
Where does the lesser occipital nerve branch from?
A
Branch of the cervical plexus (C2)
18
Q
Where does greater occipital nerve branch from?
A
branch of the dorsal Ramus of C2
19
Q
Why do cuts in the scalp bleed profusely?
A
The scalp has an extensive blood supply
20
Q
Arteries of the Scalp
A
Supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occiptal
21
Q
Supra trachea vein and supraorbital veins unite to form the
A
Facial vein
22
Q
Superficial temporal vein unites with the maxillary vein to form the
A
Retromandibular vein
23
Q
The posterior auricular vein unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the
A
External jugular vein
24
Q
The _____________ drains into the suboccipital venous plexus, which in turn drains into the vertebral veins or the internal jugular vein
A
Occipital vein
25
What do emissary veins do?
Connect the veins of the scalp with the diploic veins of the skull bone, and with the intracranial venous sinuses
26
(Lymph) nodes of the Scalp
Submandibular lymph nodes (anterior part of the scalp and forehead drain into these)
Superficial parotid/preauricular nodes (drainage from the lateral part of the scalp above the ear)
Mastoid nodes (drainage from part of the scalp above and behind the ear)
Occipital nodes (drainage from the back of the scalp)
27
Why does the scalp have an abundant blood supply?
To nourish the hair follicles
28
Why is bleeding of the scalp often hard to stop?
Because the arterial walls are attached to fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue
The attachment to the fibrous septa makes the walls unable to contract or retract to allow blood clotting to take place
29
What is the only effective way to stop bleeding of the scalp?
Applying local pressure to the laceration
30
At what point will a laceration to the scalp need to be sutured?
When the wound is deep enough to divided the cranial aponeurosis (which is produced by the tone of the Occipitofronalis muscle)
31
The skin of the face contains what 2 types of glands
Sweat and sebaceous
32
How is the skin attached to the underlying bones? And what is embedded in there?
Loose connective tissue
Muscles of facial expression
33
Is there deep fascia in the face?
Nope. Nada. None.
34
What are wrinkles of the face a result of?
Repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the long axis of the underlying muscles.
Aging skin loses its elasticity.
35
How can surgical scars of the face be less conspicuous?
If they follow wrinkle lines.
36
The skin of the face is supplied by branches of 3 divisions of the:
Trigeminal nerve
37
The trigeminal nerve supplies the skin of the face except at:
A small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.
Supplied by the great auricular nerve
38
What supplies sensory innervation to the mouth, teeth, nasal cavities, and paranasal air sinuses?
Trigeminal nerve
39
What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
40
What does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
Supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, and side of nose down to and including the tip
41
What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
```
Lacrimal nerve
Supraoribital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
```
42
What does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
Skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening
43
What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Infra orbital nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
44
What does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
The skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear
45
What are the three cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Mental nerve
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
46
What are the two arterial sources of the face?
Facial and superficial temporal arteries
47
The blood supply is supplemented by small arteries that accompany the _______ _______ of the face.
Sensory nerves
48
Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?
Where the facial artery curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle
49
The facial artery is covered by the _______ and _________ muscles
Platysma and risorious muscles
50
at the medial angle of the eye, the facial artery anastomoses with branches of the _____________ artery
Ophthalmic
51
Branches of the facial artery
Submental artery
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery lateral nasal artery
52
What artery supply the skin of the forehead?
The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)
53
The facial vein is formed where? And by the Union of what two veins?
At the medial angle of the eye
Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
54
How is the facial vein connected to the cavernous sinus?
By way of the superior ophthalmic vein.
55
Why is the connection between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus important?
Because it provides a path for infection to spread from the face to the sinus
56
What does the facial vein drain into?
The internal jugular vein
57
The facial vein is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by the _____ _____ _____
Deep facial vein
58
Lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains into the
Submandibular lymph nodes
59
There may be a few _______ _______ _____ along the course of these lymph vessels
Buccaneers lymph nodes
60
The lateral part of the face, including the lateral part of the eyelids, is drained by the lymph vessels that terminate in the
Parotid lymph nodes
61
The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain into the
Submental lymph nodes
62
The muscles of the faces are embedded in the
Superficial fascia
63
Most of the muscles of the face originate from the ______ and insert into the ____
Skull
Skin
64
Sphincter or dilators surround what facial orifices?
The orbit, the nose, the mouth
65
All facial muscles are innervated by the:
Facial nerve
66
Sphincter muscle of the eyelid
Orbicularis oculi
67
Dilator muscles of the eye orbit
Levator palpebrae superioris and occipitofrontalis
68
Sphincter muscle of the nose/dilator muscle
Sphincter - compressor naris
Dilator- dilator naris
69
Sphincter muscle of the mouth/dilator muscles
Sphincter- orbicularis oris
Dilator- series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips
70
Fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle originate from:
The underlying bones or from the deep surface of the skin
71
What innervated the orbicularis oris?
The buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve
72
Action of the orbicularis oris
Compress the lips together
73
dilator muscles of the lips
Radiate out from the lips,
Action is the separate the lips
74
The buccinator originates from where?
The outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and maxilla, opposite the molars, it also originates from the pterygomandibular ligament
75
The buccinator is pierced by the:
Parotid duct
76
The buccinator is innervated by the:
Buccal branch of the facial nerve
77
Action of the buccinator
To compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth
78
The facial nerve runs forward in the substance of the ________ ______, where it divides into:
Parotid gland
1. Temporal branch (supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilli)
2. Zygomatic branch (supplies orbicularis oculi)
3. Buccal branch (supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril)
4. Mandibular branch (supplies muscles of the lower lip)
5. Cervical branch (supplies platysma)
79
What is the old name for the mandibular nerve?
Marginal mandibular nerve
80
At what point will a laceration to the scalp need to be sutured?
When the wound is deep enough to divided the cranial aponeurosis (which is produced by the tone of the Occipitofronalis muscle)
81
The skin of the face contains what 2 types of glands
Sweat and sebaceous
82
How is the skin attached to the underlying bones? And what is embedded in there?
Loose connective tissue
Muscles of facial expression
83
Is there deep fascia in the face?
Nope. Nada. None.
84
What are wrinkles of the face a result of?
Repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the long axis of the underlying muscles.
Aging skin loses its elasticity.
85
How can surgical scars of the face be less conspicuous?
If they follow wrinkle lines.
86
The skin of the face is supplied by branches of 3 divisions of the:
Trigeminal nerve
87
The trigeminal nerve supplies the skin of the face except at:
A small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.
Supplied by the great auricular nerve
88
What supplies sensory innervation to the mouth, teeth, nasal cavities, and paranasal air sinuses?
Trigeminal nerve
89
What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
90
What does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
Supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, and side of nose down to and including the tip
91
What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
```
Lacrimal nerve
Supraoribital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
```
92
What does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
Skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening
93
What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Infra orbital nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
94
What does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supply?
The skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear
95
What are the three cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Mental nerve
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
96
What are the two arterial sources of the face?
Facial and superficial temporal arteries
97
The blood supply is supplemented by small arteries that accompany the _______ _______ of the face.
Sensory nerves
98
Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?
Where the facial artery curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle
99
The facial artery is covered by the _______ and _________ muscles
Platysma and risorious muscles
100
at the medial angle of the eye, the facial artery anastomoses with branches of the _____________ artery
Ophthalmic
101
Branches of the facial artery
Submental artery
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery lateral nasal artery
102
What artery supply the skin of the forehead?
The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)
103
The facial vein is formed where? And by the Union of what two veins?
At the medial angle of the eye
Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
104
How is the facial vein connected to the cavernous sinus?
By way of the superior ophthalmic vein.
105
Why is the connection between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus important?
Because it provides a path for infection to spread from the face to the sinus
106
What does the facial vein drain into?
The internal jugular vein
107
The facial vein is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by the _____ _____ _____
Deep facial vein
108
Lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains into the
Submandibular lymph nodes
109
There may be a few _______ _______ _____ along the course of these lymph vessels
Buccaneers lymph nodes
110
The lateral part of the face, including the lateral part of the eyelids, is drained by the lymph vessels that terminate in the
Parotid lymph nodes
111
The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain into the
Submental lymph nodes
112
The muscles of the faces are embedded in the
Superficial fascia
113
Most of the muscles of the face originate from the ______ and insert into the ____
Skull
Skin
114
Sphincter or dilators surround what facial orifices?
The orbit, the nose, the mouth
115
All facial muscles are innervated by the:
Facial nerve
116
Sphincter muscle of the eyelid
Orbicularis oculi
117
Dilator muscles of the eye orbit
Levator palpebrae superioris and occipitofrontalis
118
Sphincter muscle of the nose/dilator muscle
Sphincter - compressor naris
Dilator- dilator naris
119
Sphincter muscle of the mouth/dilator muscles
Sphincter- orbicularis oris
Dilator- series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips
120
Fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle originate from:
The underlying bones or from the deep surface of the skin
121
What innervated the orbicularis oris?
The buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve
122
Action of the orbicularis oris
Compress the lips together
123
dilator muscles of the lips
Radiate out from the lips,
Action is the separate the lips
124
The buccinator originates from where?
The outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and maxilla, opposite the molars, it also originates from the pterygomandibular ligament
125
The buccinator is pierced by the:
Parotid duct
126
The buccinator is innervated by the:
Buccal branch of the facial nerve
127
Action of the buccinator
To compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth
128
The facial nerve runs forward in the substance of the ________ ______, where it divides into:
Parotid gland
1. Temporal branch (supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilli)
2. Zygomatic branch (supplies orbicularis oculi)
3. Buccal branch (supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril)
4. Mandibular branch (supplies muscles of the lower lip)
5. Cervical branch (supplies platysma)
129
What is the old name for the mandibular nerve?
Marginal mandibular nerve
