Face and Scalp

Question 1

scalp layers:

Answer 1

skin, CT, aponeurotic layer, loose CT, pericranium

Question 2

frontal belly of occipitofrontalis attaches to the:

Answer 2

epicranial aponeurosis, skin, and subcutaneous tissue of forehead and eyebrows

Question 3

frontal belly of occipitofrontalis acts to:

Answer 3

elevate eyebrows and wrinkle skin on forehead by protracting scalp

Question 4

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis attaches to:

Answer 4

epicranial aponeurosis and lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line

Question 5

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis acts to:

Answer 5

retract scalp

Question 6

actions of the auricular muscles

Answer 6

anterior auricular draws ear upward and forward, superior auricular elevates ear, and posterior auricular draws ear upward and backward

Question 7

corrugator supercilii functions to:

Answer 7

draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly (concern or worry)

Question 8

the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi functions to:

Answer 8

gently close eyelids

Question 9

the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi functions to:

Answer 9

tightly close eyelids

Question 10

the procerus functions to:

Answer 10

produce transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose

Question 11

the depressor septi nasi functions to:

Answer 11

pull nose inferiorly

Question 12

the nasalis functions to:

Answer 12

compress nasal aperture and flare nostrils

Question 13

the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi functions to:

Answer 13

raise upper lip and open nostril

Question 14

zygomaticus major functions to:

Answer 14

draw corner of mouth upward and laterally (smile)

Question 15

zygomaticus minor functions to:

Answer 15

draw upper lip upward

Question 16

zygomaticus major position compared to minor?

Answer 16

inferior

Question 17

risorius functions to:

Answer 17

retract corner of mouth (grin)

Question 18

levator labii superioris functions to:

Answer 18

raise upper lip

Question 19

depressor labii inferioris functions to:

Answer 19

draw lower lip down

Question 20

mentalis functions to:

Answer 20

raise and protrude lower lip

Question 21

orbicularis oris functions to:

Answer 21

close and protrude lips

Question 22

buccinator functions to:

Answer 22

compress cheek

Question 23

what are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 23

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Question 24

Bell’s palsy

Answer 24

paralysis of some or all facial muscles on affected side; eyelids will evert disrupting the spread of lacrimal fluid over the cornea preventing adequate lubrication

Question 25

cutaneous branches of V1:

Answer 25

supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, external nasal, and lacrimal

Question 26

cutaneous branches of V2:

Answer 26

zygomaticotermporal, zygomaticofacial, and infraorbital

Question 27

cutaneous branches of V3:

Answer 27

auriculotemporal, buccal, and mental

Question 28

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Answer 28

disorder of sensory root of CN V characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating, lightning-like jabs of facial pain; demyelination of axons in the sensory root occurs; treatment includes injecting alcohol at site where nerve emerges onto face or ligating the infraorbital nerve

Question 29

superficial arteries of the face include:

Answer 29

facial artery and branches, transverse facial, mental, supraorbital, and supratrochlear

Question 30

branches of facial artery in superficial face:

Answer 30

inferior and superior labial, lateral nasal, and angular

Question 31

tributaries of facial vein:

Answer 31

deep facial, angular, and retromandibular

Question 32

facial vein drains into:

Answer 32

IJV

Question 33

angular vein communicates with:

Answer 33

superior ophthalmic vein which drains to cavernous sinus

Question 34

deep facial vein drains:

Answer 34

pterygoid plexus

Question 35

superficial vasculature of the scalp:

Answer 35

occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal from ECA; supraorbital and supratrochlear from ophthalmic (ICA)

Question 36

arteries of the scalp course within:

Answer 36

dense CT layer

Question 37

boundaries of the parotid region:

Answer 37

zygomatic arch to external ear to mandibular ramus to anterior massester to angle inferior mandible

Question 38

major contents of parotid region:

Answer 38

parotid gland and duct, parotid plexus of facial nerve, ECA, retromandibular vein, and masseter

Question 39

parotid duct pierces the:

Answer 39

buccinator

Question 40

parotid duct enters oral cavity through:

Answer 40

a small orifice opposite the 2nd maxillary molar

Question 41

what is embedded within the parotid gland from superficial to deep?

Answer 41

parotid plexus of facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and ECA

Question 42

PNS to the parotid gland:

Answer 42

glossopharyngeal nerve sends fibers to otic ganglion which sends fibers via auriculotemporal nerve

Question 43

SNS to the parotid gland:

Answer 43

fibers from the external carotid nerve plexus

Question 44

facial pulse:

Answer 44

facial artery can be palpated as it crosses the inferior border of the mandible immediately adjacent to the anterior masseter

Question 45

temporal pulse:

Answer 45

the superficial temporal artery can be palpated anterior to the ear and immediately posterosuperior to the position of the TMJ; the anterior branch of the superficial temporal artery can be palpated posterior to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone

Question 46

lymph from face and scalp drain into the superficial ring of LNs at the junction of the head and neck:

Answer 46

occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, and submental

Question 47

occipital LNs drain the:

Answer 47

posterior scalp

Question 48

mastoid LNs drain the:

Answer 48

mid-scalp

Question 49

parotid LNs drain the:

Answer 49

lateral face and scalp including eyelids

Question 50

submandibular LNs drain the:

Answer 50

upper lip and lateral lower lip

Question 51

submental LNs drain the:

Answer 51

chin and central lower lip

Question 52

all lymph vessels from head and neck drain directly or indirectly into:

Answer 52

the deep cervical LNs