Pharynx/Larynx

Question 1

pharynx extends from:

Answer 1

cranial base to C6

Question 2

lateral attachments of pharynx

Answer 2

part 1 at posterior edge of medial ptergyoid plate, part 2 at inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament, and part 3 at thyroid cartilage

Question 3

buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 3

thin layer surrounding outside of pharynx and is a component of pretracheal fascia

Question 4

pharyngobasilar fascia

Answer 4

much thicker layer lining internal surface and found between cranial base and superior constrictor muscle

Question 5

constrictor muscle innervation:

Answer 5

vagus

Question 6

palatopharyngeal sphincter

Answer 6

special band of muscle blending with superior constrictor fibers

Question 7

cricopharyngeus

Answer 7

part of inferior constrictor muscle

Question 8

longitudinal muscle innervation:

Answer 8

vagus nerve except for sylopharyngeus which is by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 9

valleculae

Answer 9

pair of mucosal pouches in laryngopharynx between median and lateral glossopepiglottic folds

Question 10

arterial supply to upper pharynx:

Answer 10

branches of ECA: ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial, and numerous branches of lingual and maxillary

Question 11

arterial supply to lower pharynx:

Answer 11

pharyngeal branches from inferior thyroid artery of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery

Question 12

venous drainage of pharynx:

Answer 12

superiorly to pterygoid plexus or inferiorly to facial and internal jugular veins

Question 13

lymph drainage of pharynx

Answer 13

to deep cervical nodes

Question 14

tonsils drain to:

Answer 14

deep cervical nodes, primarily the jugulodigastric nodes

Question 15

what nerve is vulnerable to injury during tonsillectomy?

Answer 15

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 16

adenoiditis

Answer 16

inflammation of pharyngeal tonsils

Question 17

otitis media

Answer 17

infection of middle ear caused by spread of adenoiditis

Question 18

pharyngeal plexus

Answer 18

formed by branches of vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; privides motor and most sensory to the pharynx

Question 19

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve:

Answer 19

motor to pharynx and sensory to laryngopharynx

Question 20

glossopharyngeal nerve:

Answer 20

motor to stylopharyngus and sensory to oropharynx

Question 21

sensory to nasopharynx from:

Answer 21

pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve

Question 22

larynx is in anterior neck at vertebral level:

Answer 22

C3-C6

Question 23

unpaired laryngeal cartilages:

Answer 23

cricoid, thryoid, and epiglottis

Question 24

epiglottis

Answer 24

prevents food from entering trachea during swallowing

Question 25

thyroid cartilage

Answer 25

2 broad lamina jointed by laryngeal prominence; superior and inferior thyroid notch and cornua

Question 26

cricoid cartilage

Answer 26

most inferior, completely encircles airway

Question 27

paired laryngeal cartilages:

Answer 27

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

Question 28

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 28

pyramid-shaped; muscular and vocal process

Question 29

extrinsic laryngeal ligaments

Answer 29

thyrohyoid membrane, hyo-epiglottic membrane, and cricotracheal ligament

Question 30

intrinsic laryngeal ligaments

Answer 30

fibro-elastic memrbane, quadrangular membrane, and conus elasticus

Question 31

true vocal cord

Answer 31

conus elasticus

Question 32

false vocal cord

Answer 32

quadrangular membrane

Question 33

cricothyroid joint allows:

Answer 33

thyroid cartilage to move forward and tilt downward, lengthening and putting tension on vocal ligaments

Question 34

crico-arytenoid joint allows:

Answer 34

abduction and adduction of vocal ligaments for vocal processes

Question 35

vestibule of laryngeal cavity

Answer 35

upper chamber between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

Question 36

middle part of laryngeal cavity

Answer 36

between vestibular and vocal folds

Question 37

infraglottic space of laryngeal cavity:

Answer 37

inferior chamber located between vocal folds and cricotracheal ligament

Question 38

rima vestibuli

Answer 38

opening between vestibular folds with little to no role in voice production; protective role

Question 39

rima glottidis

Answer 39

inferior to rima vestibuli; separates middle from infraepiglottic space; formed by vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

Question 40

intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by:

Answer 40

recurrent laryngeal nerve except for cricothyroid which is by external laryngeal nerve (vagus)

Question 41

cricothyroid action

Answer 41

stretch and tenses vocal ligament to increase pitch of voice

Question 42

posterior crico-arytenoid function

Answer 42

opens vocal folds

Question 43

lateral crico-arytenoid function

Answer 43

closes vocal folds

Question 44

transverse arytenoid action

Answer 44

closes inlet and vocal folds

Question 45

oblique arytenoid action

Answer 45

closes inlet

Question 46

thyro-arytenoid action

Answer 46

closes inlet and relaxes vocal ligaments decreasing pitch of voice

Question 47

vocalis action

Answer 47

adjusts tension in vocal folds

Question 48

what muscles tighten vocal folds:

Answer 48

cricothyroid and vocalis

Question 49

what muscles adduct the vocal folds

Answer 49

thyroarytenoid and transverse arytenoid

Question 50

what muscles abduct vocal folds

Answer 50

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 51

what muscles adduct vocal folds

Answer 51

lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 52

superior laryngeal artery

Answer 52

branch from superior thyroid artery; pierces thyrohyoid membrane and supplies larynx above vocal folds

Question 53

inferior laryngeal artery

Answer 53

branch from inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical trunk; runs with recurrent laryngeal nerve and supplies larynx below vocal folds

Question 54

superior laryngeal vein drains into:

Answer 54

superior thyroid vein then IJV

Question 55

inferior laryngeal vein drains into:

Answer 55

inferior thyroid vein then left brachiocephalic vein

Question 56

internal laryngeal nerve

Answer 56

sensory above vocal folds

Question 57

external laryngeal nerve

Answer 57

motor to cricothyroid

Question 58

inferior laryngeal nerve

Answer 58

sensory below vocal folds and motor to all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid