Facet Orientation and Spondylosis/Spondylolsis/Spondylolisthesis

Question 1

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be orientated backward, upward, and medial?

Answer 1

C1, C3-C7, L1-L5, S1

Question 2

Superior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, upward, and lateral?

Answer 2

C2, T1-T12

Question 3

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated backward, medial, and downward?

Answer 3

C1

Question 4

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be otientated forward, lateral, and downward?

Answer 4

C2-C6, T12, L1-L5

Question 5

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be orientated foward, medial, and downward?

Answer 5

C7, T1-T11

Question 6

Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?

Answer 6

C1

Question 7

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 7

a vertebral condition

Question 8

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 8

a vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

Question 9

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 9

a vertebral slippage

Question 10

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in spinal II?

Answer 10

a separation along the parts interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect?

Question 11

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 11

2.6% - 10%

Question 12

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a high incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 12

native Alaskan (Inuit) population

Question 13

What does the lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 13

the uniquely human upright stance/erect posture

Question 14

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 14

familial association, spina bifida occulata, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring the repetitive stress on the spine

Question 15

What is the age range typically associated the lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 15

10-20 year olds

Question 16

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 16

gymnastics, dance, soccer

Question 17

What fills the space in lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 17

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 18

What nme has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 18

spondylolysis ligament

Question 19

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 19

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 20

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 20

a Scotty dog

Question 21

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray?

Answer 21

a collard Scotty dog

Question 22

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 22

the neck of the Scotty dog

Question 23

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 23

the pedicle

Question 24

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?

Answer 24

superior articular process

Question 25

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the nose of the Scotty dog?

Answer 25

transverse process

Question 26

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 26

rare, congenital, gender bias towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 27

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 27

rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 28

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis

Answer 28

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 29

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 29

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 30

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 30

spina bifida occulata and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 31

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 31

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level, and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 32

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension are associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 32

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameters of the spinal cord

Question 33

What causes type IV spondylolithesis?

Answer 33

fracture of the neural arch components

Question 34

What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 34

bone disease such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfects