Thoracic Region

Question 1

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

Answer 1

the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

Question 2

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

Answer 2

triangular

Question 3

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

Answer 3

the left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex

Question 4

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

Answer 4

the aortic impression

Question 5

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

Answer 5

the left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

Question 6

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 6

the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

Question 7

What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 7

the intervertebral discs are rather planar of flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

Question 8

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

the vertebral body height difference

Question 9

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

Answer 9

a kyphotic curve

Question 10

What joint classification are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 10

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis,
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis,
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 11

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 11

four

Question 12

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 12

two

Question 13

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 13

typically four are identified

as many as eight if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included

Question 14

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 14

four

Question 15

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

Answer 15

the superior costal demi-facet

Question 16

What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?

Answer 16

the costocentral joint or ribs

Question 17

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

Answer 17

the costocentral stellate/radiate ligament

and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

Question 18

What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

Answer 18

the interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc

Question 19

What is the size relation between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal-demi facet surface?

Answer 19

the rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

Question 20

Which muscles(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?

Answer 20

longus colli

Question 21

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 21

the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and project posterior and slightly laterally

Question 22

What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 22

ten to fifteen degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane

Question 23

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

Answer 23

lateral view

Question 24

What is overlap of the lamnia called in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 24

shingling

Question 25

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 25

oval to circular

Question 26

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

Answer 26

the transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

Question 27

What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?

Answer 27

the transverse costal facet

Question 28

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

Answer 28

the transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

Question 29

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

Answer 29

superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, lateral costotransverse ligaments

Question 30

Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 30

``` longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semi spinalis cervicis, semi spinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, and levator costarum brevis ```

Question 31

How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?

Answer 31

at T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular process of the vertebra at T5-T8 the width between the superior articular process is equal to or the same width between the inferior articular process of that vertebra

Question 32

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 32

they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

Question 33

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 33

they face backward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

Question 34

How many synovial joint are present at a typical thoracic ?

Answer 34

ten

Question 35

How many synovial joint surfaces for the ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

Answer 35

six

Question 36

Identify the synovial joint surfaces for ribs that are present on a typical thoracic

Answer 36

two superior costal demi-facets, two inferior costal demi-facets, two transverse costal facets

Question 37

What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processess in the thoracic region?

Answer 37

imbrication

Question 38

What is imbrication?

Answer 38

the overalap of spinous processes

Question 39

Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?

Answer 39

T5-T8

Question 40

Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?

Answer 40

T8

Question 41

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 41

the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous process will angle up forty degrees from the horizontal plane the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous process will angle up sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

Question 42

Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 42

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboig major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis captis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, interspinalis