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COLLEGE 90% UP ANG GRADES PLS > FACT AND EVIDENCE UGE1 > Flashcards

FACT AND EVIDENCE UGE1 Flashcards

1
Q

Information that can be verified

A

Fact

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2
Q

Based on direct experience or observation

A

Fact

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3
Q

A statement that is real & can be verified objectively or proven

A

Fact

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4
Q

True and Correct (accurate no matter what)

A

Fact

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5
Q

Involves specific information such as numbers, dates, time & other statistics

A

Facts

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6
Q

Referring to people, places, things or events

A

Fact

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7
Q

Types of Facts

A

Empirical
Conceptual

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8
Q

The things that we can assert about the world based on direct, straightforward observational evidence.

A

Empirical Fact

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8
Q

The most straight forward kinds of facts are things that we see happening / existing / occurring

A

Empirical Fact

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9
Q

Example:
“We watch someone drop an apple and assert, the apple fell to the ground.”

A

Empirical Fact

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10
Q

_______ evidence refers to factual data. Raw data is collected by conduction experiments and observations

A

Empirical

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11
Q

Things that we assert about the world based on strongly help philosophical / logical views that we have about the kind of world in which we live.

A

Conceptual Facts

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12
Q

“Most scientific facts are a combination of observations & other beliefs we have about the world.”

A

Conceptual Facts

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13
Q

Most of the facts that we believe true are actually ______ ______

A

Conceptual Facts

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14
Q

Even facts for which there is strong evidential support are not understood evidentially by most people.

A

Conceptual Facts

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15
Q

Sometimes turn out, in retrospect, to be incorrect.

A

Conceptual Facts

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16
Q

“It is not always possible to clearly distinguish between ________ and _________ facts. Indeed, most beliefs are based on a mixture of observational evidence & general ideas about the world.”

A

empirical and conceptual

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17
Q

Forming opinions

A
  1. Know you biases
  2. Stay informed
  3. Keep an open mind
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18
Q

Statements that convey beliefs, feelings, judgements, attitudes & preferences

A

Opinion

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19
Q

Unlike facts, _______ cannot be verified because these are based on one’s mere perception / viewpoint.

A

opinions

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20
Q

Statements that hold an element of belief

A

Opinion

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21
Q

It tells how someone feels

A

Opinion

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22
Q

“an _____ is not always true and cannot be proven.”

A

Opinion

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23
Q

In contemporary usage, ___ _____ is the aggregate (sum) of individual attitudes or beliefs held by a population. (in a city, state or country)

A

Public opinion

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24
Q

Consumer opinion is a similar aggregate collected as part of ________ _______.
(e.g. opinions of users of a particular product or service.)

A

Marketing research

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25
Q

_____ _______ is a similar aggregate collected as part of marketing research. (e.g. opinions of users of a particular product or service.)

A

Consumer opinion (public opinion)

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26
Q

Because the process of gathering opinions from all individuals is difficult, expensive or impossible to obtain, public opinion or consumer opinion is estimated using ________ _______.
(e.g. with a representative sample of a population)

A

survey sampling

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27
Q

Because the process of gathering opinions from all individuals is difficult, expensive or impossible to obtain, public opinion or consumer opinion is estimated using survey sampling.
(e.g. with a _______ ________ of a population)

A

representative sample

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28
Q

In some social sciences, especially political science & psychology, ______ _______ refers to the aggregation of (combine) opinions collected from a set of subjects, such as members of a jury, legislature, committee or other collective decision-making body.

A

group opinion

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29
Q

In these situations, researchers are often interested in questions related to social choice, conformity & group polarization (division / opposition)

A

Group opinion

30
Q

May reflect opinions on scientific concerns as articulated by one or more scientists, published in scholarly journals or respected textbooks both of which entail peer-review & rigorous professional editing.

A

Scientific opinion

31
Q

“97 out of 100 climate experts think humans are changing global temperature.”

A

Scientific Opinion

32
Q

It may also refer to opinions published by professionals, academic or governmental organizations about scientific findings & their possible implications.

A

Scientific Opinion

33
Q

A related but not identical term, scientific consensus, is the prevailing view on a scientific topic within the scientific community such as the scientific opinion on climate change or pandemic.

A

Scientific opinon

34
Q

A related but not identical term, ______ _______, is the prevailing view on a scientific topic within the scientific community such as the scientific opinion on climate change or pandemic.

A

scientific consensus

35
Q

Can be partial temporally contingent, conflicting & uncertain so that there may be no accepted consensus for a particular situation.

A

Scientific Opinion (s)

36
Q

“In other circumstances, a particular ____ _____ may be at odds with consensus.”

A

Scientific Opinion

37
Q

Your ability to know the importance of ______ cannot be overemphasized

A

Evidence (Assessing Evidence)

38
Q

We live in a world where not everything that we see, hear & read is real.

A

(Assessing Evidence)

39
Q

We live in a world where not everything that we see, hear & read is _____. (Assessing Evidence)

A

real

40
Q

It is avoiding deceptions, false claims, scams & fake evidences

A

(Assessing Evidence)

41
Q

In fact, so many problems crop up because people are misled to take actions or make decisions based on wrong or misleading information.

A

Assessing Evidence

42
Q

In fact, so many problems crop up because people are ______ to take actions or make decisions based on wrong or misleading information.

A

misled (Assessing Evidence

42
Q

This is why we are often reminded to be careful with fake news and sadly with fake (bogus) persons, too.

A

Assessing Evidence

43
Q

But to put it in layman’s terms, it can be seen as information that us prove or demonstrate truth - or disprove something false.

A

Evidence

43
Q

It us the means, sanctioned by the law of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. (Section 1, Rule 128, Revised Rules on Evidence)

A

Evidence

44
Q

Evidence is admissible when it is relevant to the issue & is not excluded by the law of these rules.

A

Admissibility

45
Q

_______ is admissible when it is relevant to the issue & is not excluded by the law of these rules.

A

Evidence (Admissibility)

46
Q

It refers to whether or not the law (Revised Rules of Court) allows the evidence or to say it in another way & the law does not exclude the evidence.

A

Admissibility

47
Q

Complemented by relevancy, which means that the evidence must have such a relation to the fact in issue as to bring about the logical belief in its existence or non-existence.

A

Admissibility

48
Q

“In other words, the evidence presented has a connection with that issue being investigated or examined.”

A

Admissibility

49
Q

The law upholds this for every individual against unreasonable search & seizure enshrined in Article 3, Section 2 of the Philippine Constitution.

A

Constitutional Rights (Admissibility)

50
Q

“In other words, the act of entering a person’s place without a valid search warrant is a violation of the constitutional right. Any item taking during the search cannot be made as evidence since it is not admissible

A

Human rights. (Admissibility)

51
Q

Types of Evidence

A

Demonstrative
Real
Testimonial (Anecdotal)
Documentary
Statistical Evidence

52
Q

Demonstrates the testimony given by a witness

A

Demonstrative (Types of Evidence)

53
Q

Typically done using diagrams, maps, animations & other similar methods

A

Demonstrative (Types of Evidence)

54
Q

As a thing, of any kind, that was present or used in the case being presented in court.

A

Real (Types of Evidence)

55
Q

Can include bloodied clothing, a mangled vehicle, a gun, a knife, money marked by anti-theft coloring & many other items.

A

Real (Types of Evidence)

56
Q

Viewed by the court to be the simplest type of evidence

A

Testimonial (Anecdotal) (Types of Evidence)

57
Q

Never requires any other piece of evidence to support it or make it legitimate

A

Testimonial (Anecdotal) (Types of Evidence)

58
Q

“____ ____ is typically that of any statement made by a witness or other person during the course of the trial.”

A

Testimonial Evidence

59
Q

“A person may become a ______if he/she possesses the ability to perceive (the use of the basic senses such as sight (vision), hearing (auditory), touch (tactile), smell (olfactory), & taste (gustatory). Also, the person must be able to express what he or she has perceived with another individual.

A

Witness (Types of Evidence)

60
Q

sight

A

(vision) (Types of Evidence)

61
Q

hearing

A

(auditory) (Types of Evidence)

62
Q

touch

A

(tactile) (Types of Evidence)

63
Q

smell

A

(olfactory) (Types of Evidence)

64
Q

taste

A

(gustatory) (Types of Evidence)

65
Q

Proves statements that requires quantifiable or numerical evidence.

A

Statistical Evidence

66
Q

Useful in supporting general claims

A

Statistical Evidence

67
Q

Must be supported with expert testimony to make it reliable

A

Statistical Evidence

68
Q

Most often considered real evidence

A

Documentary

69
Q

Any type of evidence that helps to document the issue being discussed in the trial

A

Documentary

70
Q

For example, if the trial surrounds a breach of contract, the _____ evidence would be the actual contract that was breached.

A

Documentary

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