Factors

Question 1

How did religious motivations contribute to the establishment of Outremer?

Answer 1

• Religious nature of crusade enabled the 8 princes to work together
• At times when morale was low, use of prayers and discovery of Holy Lance in 1098 provided a boost

Question 2

How did muslim disunity contribute to the establishment of Outremer?

Answer 2

• Throughout crusade they didn’t unify to fight their enemy e.g. Kerbogha reluctant to help at Antioch in case it made the Atabeg of Mosul too powerful
• Defences at Jerusalem weakened by recent Fatimid takeover - took advantage of Seljuk Turks pre-occupation with crusade to attack in 1098

Question 3

How did Byzantine help contribute to the establishment of Outremer?

Answer 3

• Byzantine guides invaluable to early stages of conquest e.g. aid sent to siege of Nicaea
• Aid less significant after 1098 - most byzantine contingent abandoned crusade

Question 4

How did crusader leadership contribute to the establishment of Outremer?

Answer 4

• Godfrey moved siege engines to weak position during siege of Jerusalem - proved crucial
• Bohemond vital in success at Dorylaeum when he encircled Kerbogha and vital in success at Antioch - bribed guard entry into Antioch
  –> left crusade 1098 after Antioch and stayed there