factors affecting health status and human development Flashcards
(34 cards)
access to safe water ; what is it and what diseases can come from it
what is it?
* safe water is water that is freee from contaminants and disease causing bacteria and chemicals.
types of diseases;
* gastroenteritis
* diarrhoea
* cholera
* typhoid
access to clean water; what is water used for,
- food preparation and cooking; clean water is essential to wash food products and remove harmful pathogens that could otherwise lead to illness. Cooking often requires clean water to ensure food items are afe for human consumption.
- washing and hygiene; clean water is required to maintain high levels of personal hygiene and prevents infection through handwashing, bathing and showering.
how does access to safe water contribute to differences in health status?
diarrhoea, linked to infant and adult mortality in low- and middle- income countries, as it can result in malnutrition, due to waterbourne diseases such as Diarrhoea resulting in increased infant and under 5 mortality rates.
how does access to safe water contribute to differences in human development?
lack of access to safe wate contributes to missed school days, from having ill health and time spent collecting water. This reduces levels of eductaion and the ability of children to enchance their choices and capabilities in relation to future employment. In turn, this impacts the potential to earn a decent income in the future and access the resource required for a decent standard of living.
what is sanitation and what acquires due to a sanitation?
what is sanitation?
* sanitation refers to the safe disposal of human urine and faeces but can also refer to the maintenance of hygiene conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewater.
Impact due to a lack of sanitation
* this waste often seeps into water sources and contaminates the water that people will eventually consume.
* (1 in 4 people lack access to basic sanitation)
how does sanitation contribute to difference in health status?
inadequate sanitation is one of the main causes of contaminated water supplies in low- and middle- income countries and leads to an increased rate of DALY from infectious disease such as diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid
how does sanitation contribute to difference in human development
without private toilets, many cultures expect girls to wait until it is dark before they can relieve themselves. This exposes them to the dangers of harrassment, assault, animal attacks, discomfort, loss of diginity and sometimes illness, reducing their ability to live according to their needs and interests.
what is poverty?
poverty refers to deprivation. this deprivation -lack of income but presents as a lack of material resources such as food shelter, clean water and health care.
what are relative and extreme poverty
- relative poverty - those people living on less than 50% of the average inocme of their country.
- extreme poverty - extreme poverty is living on les than 50% of the average income in their country
how does poverty and education contribute to difference in health status ?
low literacy rates = decreased health literacy, risk factor for ill health nad premture mortality from conditions associated with poverty such as HIV/AIDS.
how does poverty and education contribute to difference in human development ?
in low and middle income countries many governments do not have the funds avaiable to provide education to their people, reducing access to knowledge.
how does poverty and nutritious food contribute to difference in health status?
undernutrition decreases immune function, which increase the risk of infection and premature death, increasing mortality especially among children.
how does poverty and nutritious food contribute to difference in human development?
to underdeveloped body systems body systems, reducing their abiality to lead long and healthy lives.
what is discrimination?
unjust prejudical treatment of different catergories of people especially on grounds of age, sex and race.
how does discrimination contribute to differences in health status and human development?
not all people have their human rights upheld, and discrimination against specific groups (age, sex, race) contributes to inequalities compared to othr population groups. Those who are discriminated against experience.
* Health status; being more likely to be the victim of intential violence, increasing mortality.
* human development; higher rates of depression + anxiety, increasing YLD, impacting their ability to live according to their needs and interests.
what is racial discrimination?
racial discrimination; is when a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similiar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status.
how does racial discrimination contribute to difference in health status
indigenous people suffer higher rates of ill health and disability, causing high blood pressure/hypertension and heart disease, therefore increasing YLD.
how does racial discrimination contribute to difference in human development
racial discrimination occurs resulting in social exclusion, preventing participation in the life of their community in relation to education, access to health care, community participation, employment and housing.
what is regilious discrimination?
regilious or belief communities face discrimination, this leads to inability to participate in the community in which they live in terms of accessing public education, health services and employment.
how does religious discrimination contribute to difference in health status?
- in extreme cases some people are arrested or killed due to their religious beliefs, contributing to increased mortality rates and lower life expencancy. (they can also result in creased rates of anxiety and depression)
