Factors Affecting Language Development

Question 1

What is meant by a causal factor in language development?

Answer 1

A factor that CAUSES a difficulty

Question 2

What is meant by an exacerbating factor in language development?

Answer 2

A factor that EXACERBATES language development problems

Question 3

Name the 5 areas which might affect language development.

Answer 3

1. Pre/peri-natal 2. Neurological 3. Environmental 4. Genetics 5. Sensory and Physical

Question 4

What is meant by pre-natal?

Answer 4

Before birth

Question 5

What is meant by peri-natal?

Answer 5

Immediately before, during and after birth

Question 6

What affect can maternal mental health have on a child?

Answer 6

Impact on mother-child bonding

Question 7

What may children born prematurely / with low birth weights be susceptible to?

Answer 7

Planning and organisation difficulties, Learning difficulties, 10% have ASD

Question 8

What does FASD stand for?

Answer 8

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 9

How is FASD caused?

Answer 9

By heavy drinking during pregnancy

Question 10

What are the likely characteristics of a child with FASD?

Answer 10

Affectionate, highly verbal with subtle difficulties, difficulties understanding consequences of actions, high level vocab

Question 11

What are the two types of hearing loss?

Answer 11

Conductive and Sensor-neural

Question 12

What does OME stand for?

Answer 12

Otitis Media with Effusion

Question 13

What is OME?

Answer 13

Disorder of the middle ear which stops the vibrations of the bones or hairs in the middle ear

Question 14

Between what ages is OME more common?

Answer 14

0-6 years

Question 15

What is the common treatment for OME?

Answer 15

Gromits

Question 16

Name some of the accepted INTRINSIC causes of OME

Answer 16

Cranio-facial abnormality, Down’s, Cleft Palate, Allergies, Family History

Question 17

Name some of the accepted EXTRINSIC causes of OME

Answer 17

Seasonal factors, cigarette smoke

Question 18

What are the audiological consequences of OME?

Answer 18

Mild-moderate fluctuating hearing loss, sounds quieter, worse in lower frequencies, listening becomes more effortful (tuning out)

Question 19

What phonemes are more likely to be affected by OME?

Answer 19

Vowels (lower frequency than e.g fricatives)

Question 20

Is there a proven relationship between OME and language development?

Answer 20

No (but there is some evidence for association)

Question 21

How can visual impairment affect language development?

Answer 21

Lag in expressive language, late emergence of first words

Question 22

What are the language problems associated with acquired neurological difficulties in children?

Answer 22

Their language will only have developed to a certain point

Question 23

Is there evidence suggesting epilepsy can cause language delays?

Answer 23

Yes - CELF 4 scores showed children with epilepsy had lower scores

Question 24

What is the primary cause of language difficulties?

Answer 24

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 25

How do children with Fragile X Syndrome present?

Answer 25

With social, attention and language conditions

Question 26

How does Fragile X Syndrome arise?

Answer 26

A single gene mutation on the X chromosome

Question 27

What is the incidence level of Fragile X Syndrome?

Answer 27

1 in 3600 males, 1 in 5000 females

Question 28

Is Fragile X a recessive or dominant gene?

Answer 28

Recessive

Question 29

Briefly describe the cognitive profile of a child with Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 29

Wide range of learning difficulties, reduced attention

Question 30

What are the speech characteristics of a child with Fragile X Syndrome?

Answer 30

Oro-motor dyspraxia, OME, dysfluency, unusual intonation patterns, inappropriate topic shifts

Question 31

Which gender is more affected by Fragile X Syndrome?

Answer 31

Males

Question 32

Name an environmental factor that can affect language development

Answer 32

Neglect and abuse

Question 33

What are the 4 categories of abuse?

Answer 33

Physical, Emotional, Sexual, Neglect

Question 34

Name the 3 levels of cultural influences on maltreatment identified by Korbin (1981)

Answer 34

Level 1: Accepted Cultural Practices, Level 2: Idiosyncratic Practices, Level 3: Societal Issues

Question 35

What effect can high levels of stress have on brain development?

Answer 35

Production of higher levels of cortisol, damaging the hippocampus

Question 36

What cognitive affects does Snow (2009) suggest high levels of stress will have?

Answer 36

Memory and learning impairments

Question 37

How does Snow (2009) suggest humans acquire their knowledge of the world?

Answer 37

Via early relationships

Question 38

How is neglect / abuse a causal relationship?

Answer 38

Neglect/abuse - language difficulties and language difficulties - abuse

Question 39

What type of factor is language stimulation / opportunity for communication classed as?

Answer 39

Environmental

Question 40

What does EAL stand for?

Answer 40

English as an additional language

Question 41

How many stages are there in sequential bilingualism?

Answer 41

1. Home language use, 2. Nonverbal period, 3. Telegraphic speech, 4. Productive language use, 5. Competent language use

Question 42

What is simultaneous bilingualism?

Answer 42

When a child learns English alongside another language

Question 43

Does a child stop communicating during the nonverbal period?

Answer 43

No - they will use nonverbal communication

Question 44

Is dual language learning a risk factor for language development?

Answer 44

No