Factors that Hinder development Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is gender inequality?
Gender inequality refers to unequal access to opportunities, wages, education, and power between men and women, limiting national development.
How does gender inequality hinder development in the Caribbean?
It prevents full participation of women in leadership and high-status roles, perpetuates wage gaps, and increases gender-based violence and discrimination.
What are two laws addressing gender injustice in the Caribbean?
The Domestic Violence Act and the Sexual Offences Act.
Name one Caribbean women’s rights organization.
CAFRA (Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action) or WAND.
How do changing class boundaries affect development?
Despite progress, structural inequalities from the plantation society persist, causing poverty cycles that hinder upward mobility.
How does education influence development?
It builds human capital, promotes productivity, and reduces poverty through literacy, skills, and employment.
How can political ideologies hinder Caribbean development?
Rigid ideologies can create exclusion, inefficiency, or instability, as seen in socialist experiments that failed to deliver sustained growth.
What is the impact of popular movements on development?
They raise awareness and demand justice but can also cause unrest or resistance to authority (e.g., Rodney Riots, Jamaat al Muslimeen coup).
Give two examples of government policies that can promote or hinder development.
Promote: Tax holidays, SME incentives, education reform. Hinder: Poor planning, foreign dependency, corruption.
What is Sir Arthur Lewis’ ‘Industrialization by Invitation’ model?
A strategy where Caribbean governments invite foreign investors to develop local industries, sometimes leading to dependency.
What is the Gini Index used for?
To measure income inequality within a country (0 = perfect equality, 1 = perfect inequality).
How does wealth inequality hinder development?
It limits access to education, healthcare, and capital, and contributes to crime, corruption, and emigration.
Why is entrepreneurship important for development?
It creates jobs, reduces dependency on imports, and stimulates rural and community development.
What are barriers to entrepreneurship in the Caribbean?
Lack of funding, limited training, high operational costs, and red tape.
How does globalisation negatively affect Caribbean development?
It increases economic dependency, weakens local industries, causes brain drain, and leads to cultural imperialism.
What are EPZs and how can they hinder development?
Export Processing Zones attract foreign factories with low wages and weak labour laws, often exploiting workers.
How does tourism help and harm Caribbean development?
Helps: Generates foreign exchange, creates jobs, boosts infrastructure. Harms: Leads to capital flight, environmental strain, crime, and seasonal employment.
What is capital flight in tourism?
When profits from tourism are sent back to foreign owners instead of benefiting the local economy.
How can technology promote development?
Enhances productivity, education, communication, disaster response, and innovation.
What is the digital divide?
The gap in access to internet and digital tools, especially between rural and urban populations.
How do natural disasters hinder Caribbean development?
They cause loss of life, property damage, disease outbreaks, and migration, reducing productivity and increasing costs.
What is the role of CDEMA?
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency helps coordinate regional disaster preparedness and response.
How can culture both help and hinder development?
Helps: Promotes identity, tourism, and creative industries. Hinders: Some traditional norms (e.g., patriarchy, consumerism) resist progressive change.
