Factory and social reform 1800s Flashcards
1
Q
Factory conditions before reform
A
- Children as young as 6 worked in factories
- accidents common, with people losing limbs or their lives
2
Q
Coal mine conditions before reform
A
- children as young as 4 working as trappers- holding doors open for mine carts
-many lost their legs when carts ran over them
3
Q
Factory act of 1833 important terms
A
- no children under 9 could work in factories
- children aged 9-13 could work no more than 9hrs a day
- children under 13 had to attend school for 2 hours a day
4
Q
Mines act of 1842
A
- women and children under 10 couldn’t work underground
- no children under 15 could be in charge of winding machines
5
Q
why people against reforms
A
- people believed it was a personal matter between employer and worker
- families didn’t want to limit amount of money coming into household
6
Q
Who were the Philanthropists
A
- Robert Owen
- Edwin Chadwick
- Elizabeth Fry
- Josephine Butler
7
Q
Who was Robert Owen/ his beliefs
A
- Mill owner, who treated workers well
- socialist- driven less by profits, wanted an equal society
- believed happy workers worked better and were better for business
8
Q
What did Robert Owen create
A
- 8 Hour day- believed everyone should have ‘8hrs labour, 8hrs recreation and 8hrs rest
- New Lanark- town near Glasgow known for thriving workers due to Owen’s policies
9
Q
What did Edwin Chadwick do
A
- reformed the poor law, resulting in record numbers entering the workhouse, making him unpopular
- wrote ‘Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population ‘ report
10
Q
What was ‘The sanitary conditions of the Labouring population’ report
A
- showed there was a link between the poor housing and sanitation of factory workers and outbreaks of diseases
-previously upper/middle class people blamed the workers themselves
11
Q
Who was Elizabeth Fry/ her beliefs
A
- A strict Quaker
- Socialist who believed in helping poor
- owned a factory
12
Q
What did Elizabeth Fry do
A
- Visited prisons regularly, and horrified by the conditions, started prison reform movement
- with help from her MP brother-in-law, she managed to raise this issue in parliament, and reform prisons
13
Q
Who was Joshephine Butler/her beliefs
A
- Evangelical christian from a family of social reformers
- appaled by way prostitutes were treated
- wanted age of consent to be raised from 13-16
14
Q
What did Josephine Butler do?
A
- campaigned to repeal the Contagious disease act, which saw policemen being able to examine women if they were thought to be a prostitute
