Facts about Spine/Shoulder/Elbow

Question 1

What are 4 things the spine aids in?

Answer 1

Stability, absorb shock, flexibility, provides attachment for organs

Question 2

How many vertebrae are there in total and what are they sectioned off into?

Answer 2

C1-C7 , T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5
25 if including the coccyx

Question 3

What happens with lumbar lordosis when flexion/extension occurs?

Answer 3

Increase in the curvature of lordosis when there is flexion, and decrease of curvature with extension

Question 4

Where does 50% of movement of the neck occur?

Answer 4

Between the atlas and axis

Question 5

Part of the spine that has the least movement

Answer 5

Lumbar spine

Question 6

Why is the cervical region prone to poor posture?

Heavy Head

Answer 6

Head is heavy and moves forward, forcing the extensor muscles to exert a greater force to maintain head in its position

Question 7

What is another anatomical term for Atlas and Axis?

Answer 7

C1 and C2

Question 8

What is the definition of a facet?

Answer 8

A smooth surface that receives another bone

Question 9

What is a facet VS a fossa?

Answer 9

Facet: Smooth and not very deep surface
Fossa: cavity or pit that has greater depth

Question 10

Name 3 characteristics in which you can tell the difference between the three sections of the vertebrae

Answer 10

1. C - small vertebral body T - heart-shaped, larger than cervical L - Massive; kidney-shaped
2. Vertebral Foramen: C - Triangular T - Circular L - Thin and tapered
3. Spinous Process: C - short and forked T - short L - long

Question 11

What is a fulcrum?

Answer 11

A stationary base in a lever that does not move.

Question 12

How many true, false, and floating ribs are there?

Answer 12

T=7 False = 3 (8-12) Floating = 2 (11-12)

Question 13

What part of the spine is the little bump that you can feel on your neck?

Answer 13

the C2

Question 14

What two structures are found within the intervertebral disc?

Answer 14

Annulus fibrosus which surrounds the nucleus pulposus

Question 15

What is a herniated disc and where is it most popular?

Answer 15

When the rubbery disc between vertebral bodies contains a nucleus pulposus that is pushing through a crack in the annulus fibrosus.
Most common between L4-L5, or L5-S1

Question 16

Flexion VS Extension - easy tells

Answer 16

Flexion is decreasing the angle between parts (bending forwards), while extension is increasing (bending backwards)

Question 17

What is important about facets on the spine?

Answer 17

Spinal joints that have cartilage that are slippery and allow for twisting and turning as well as provide flexibility and stability

Question 18

What two bony landmarks make up the vertebral arch?

Answer 18

Pedicle, and lamina

Question 19

Tubercle VS Tuberosity

Answer 19

Small, rounded prominence where connective tissue attaches. VS Larger prominence where muscle and connective tissue attach

Question 20

What are the 3 main bony landmarks that make up the sternum?

Answer 20

Manubrium, Gladiolus, Xiphoid Process

Question 21

What is the place that the ribs insert to on the sternum?

Answer 21

Costal Notches (1-7)

Question 22

Break down simply what the term “costochondral” is referring to?

Answer 22

Costo - ribs Chondral - cartilage

Question 23

Which joint in the neck is responsible for nearly half of all cervical rotation?

Rest is divided between segments C3-C7

Answer 23

Antlanto-axial joint

Question 24

Contralateral

Answer 24

Opposite Side

Right muscle = rotation to the left

Question 25

Ipsilateral

Answer 25

Same side | Right muscle = rotation to the right

Question 26

List the Deep Back Muscles | 9 Muscles in Total ## Footnote Erector Spinae group (SLI), Deepest layer (RIMI), 2 extraneous (QS)

Answer 26

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis, Rotatores, Intertransversarii, Multifidus, Interspinalis, Quadratus Lumborum, Semispinalis

Question 27

DEEP Back Muscles - Erector Spinae | SLI ## Footnote From Medial to Lateral

Answer 27

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis | Erector Spinae Group

Question 28

List the 4 Anterior Trunk Muscles | In order of Superficial to Deep

Answer 28

External Oblique, Rectus Abdominus, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominus

Question 29

Difference between Atlanto-axial (medial) joint VS Atlanto-axial (lateral) joint

Answer 29

Medial - Dens of C1 and the Atlas articulating (more specific than lateral) Lateral - C1 and C2 connecting

Question 30

Define the thorax?

Answer 30

Area of body between the neck and abdomen. Contains vital organs.

Question 31

What is the main role of the shoulder girdle, along with the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 31

To provide stability and mobility for muscles of GH joints | Easy to pop out of socket, so it is mostly for mobility

Question 32

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 32

Saddle joint

Question 33

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 33

Planar joint - gliding movements in all directions to assist SC and ST joints in providing mobility to the GH joint

Question 34

On the clavicle, what is attaches at the costal tuberosity?

Answer 34

Costoclavicular ligament

Question 35

How many degrees of upward rotation is required to accommodate flexion at the shoulder?

Answer 35

60 degrees

Question 36

What bony structures have a ROM of 180 degrees?

Answer 36

The shoulder and elbow

Question 37

What is the ROM for Circumduction?

Answer 37

200 degrees

Question 38

What 4 major joints does the shoulder complex depend on for function?

Answer 38

Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic

Question 39

Name the 3 elevator muscles - LURR

Answer 39

Levator Scapulae, Upper Trapezius, Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Question 40

Name the 4 depressors - SPLL

Answer 40

Subclavius, Pectoralis Minor, Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi

Question 41

Name the protractor

Answer 41

Serratus Anterior

Question 42

Name the 3 retractors - RLM

Answer 42

Rhomboids major and minor, lower trapezius, middle trapezius

Question 43

Name the 2 upward rotators - US

Answer 43

Upper and Lower trapezius, serratus anterior

Question 44

Name the 2 downward rotators - PR

Answer 44

Pectoralis minor, Rhomboid major

Question 45

Name the 5 Muscles acting on the Clavicle | UPASS

Answer 45

Upper Trapezius, SCM, Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Subclavius

Question 46

In the anatomical position is the ulna (pinky) medial or lateral?

Answer 46

Medial

Question 47

Why are women's ulnar valgus greater than 15 degrees?

Answer 47

Carry their babies

Question 48

What is little league elbow and where does it occur?

Answer 48

Painful inflammation of bony bump on inside of elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) caused by overuse

Question 49

What is a trochoid joint? | An example of one is the Distal Radioulnar Joint ## Footnote Joint between head of ulna and ulnar notch on the radius

Answer 49

Freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis. | The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone

Question 50

What is ROM at the elbow?

Answer 50

Neutral is 0 Hyperextension is -5 Pro and Supination - 80-90 Flexion - around 120

Question 51

What region of the spine are the longest and strongest vertebrae found in?

Answer 51

Lumbar Region

Question 52

The vertebrae are in contact with each other by means of:

Answer 52

Articular processes (facets)

Question 53

What is another name for ball-and-socket joint? (HINT: round)

Answer 53

Spheroid joint

Question 54

Which of the elbow joint is involved in all motions of the elbow?

Answer 54

Humeroradial joint

Question 55

In which movement does that clavicle have no ROM?

Answer 55

Anterior Rotation

Question 56

A sprained acromioclavicular joint is a so-called sign of what?

Answer 56

A "key not" or "step deformity"

Question 57

What structure is most distal on the upper extremity?

Answer 57

The head of the ulna

Question 58

What is the subacromial bursa's function?

Answer 58

To protect the acromion from rubbing on the humeral head

Question 59

True or False: The glenoid cavity is shallow and weakly maintained

Answer 59

True

Question 60

What is labrum (tissue)? What does is do?

Answer 60

Fibrocartilage and rubbery tissue attached to rim of shoulder socket to keep the ball of the joint in place

Question 61

What is triceps brachii the prime mover of?

Answer 61

Extension at the elbow joint