Failure and Impact Flashcards
(51 cards)
Why did the northern rebellion lack the clear coordination of earlier risings?
There was not really a strong leader. Westmorland had to be convinced to rebel by his uncle Christopher neville and Northumberland did not agree with the Mary Norfolk marriage although he agreed to free her. There seemed to be disagreements amongst the rebels about their aims and methods
What was the goverments response to the northern rising like?
Although they failed to cope at first due to the Tudors policy of giving posistions to local Protestants helped end it as gentry such as Lord Hudson and Lord Bowes remained loyal to Elizabeth. They were in constant contact with London this led to the counterattack and the removal of Mary Queen of Scots from London. The news of the counter attack was also enough to scare the rebels into submission.
What example shows that the rebellion was unable to gain the support of all with Catholic sympathys?
Henry Clifford had been in trouble for protecting Catholic priests in the 1560s. However, he still decided to protect Carlisle from a rebel attack.
Who was a member of the gentry that showed even previously loyal supporters of Northumberland thought the rebellion was too risky?
John Sayer who decided to follow the Earl into rebellion but help Bowes in the defence of Barnard Castle.
How many men did the Earls manage to attract from their estates and why was this a problem?
They attracted around 5000 supporters from the estates but this was nowhere near the level of the pilgrimage of grace. The lack of support in their area meant that the rebellion did not spread out of Yorkshire and Durham
Why was support turning away from Catholicism despite the mass turn out at the mass at Durham?
The mass had appealed to their sense of tradition but people disliked foreigners so return to the church controlled by the pope in Rome was not widely supported. Therefore the rebels did not rally as much support as they expected.
Why did the Spanish not end up helping the rebels?
Although English and Spanish relations had deteriorated Philip was still not willing to support Mary due to her connections to France.
Why did Mary’s Scottish Catholic supporters not invade from the North like the rebels had hoped?
The pro English Earl of Moray prevented them from doing so
Why did the rebellion lack legitimacy in the eyes of some Catholics?
Elizabeth had not yet been excommunicated
When did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth?
Febuary 1570
How many people died during the rebellion?
As there was no pitched battle there was very little deaths although 500 rebels did die in the clash between Dacre and Hudson.
How were the ring leaders of the rebellion punished?
Both Northumberland and Westmorland escaped but eight other ring leaders were executed.
What happened to Northumberland in 1572?
He was handed over by the Scots and executed
How many rebels did Elizabeth order to be executed?
700 which was much more severe then the pilgrimage of grace.
How many people were actually executed in the aftermath of the rebellion?
it was less then Elizabeyh had ordered, with an estimated 450 excecutions. For example, in Richmond shire only 57 executions were carried out from a list of 215 victims. He claimed this was because he escaped but it was really because he would have to live in the area he carried them out. The Earl of Sussex was under pressure to please Elizabeth so also pretended Bowes had carried out excecutions long before he actually had.
How did the rebellion effect the council of the North?
In 1572 it was reorganised and the puritan Henry Hastings the Earl of Huntington was put in charge and given extended powers over the North of England. He remained in power until his death in 1595 and his presence stabilised the region.
How did Elizabeth punish the rebels through land confiscation?
The Earl of Westmorland had all of his land confiscated and this helped to stabilise the region helping decrease the power of the traditional northern nobility.
How did the northern rebellion help secure a protestant goverment in Scotland?
In 1570 the Earl of Moray was assinated by a supporter of Mary. The rebellion gave England an excuse to launch border raids claiming they were pursuing the rebels but really they did this to undermine Mary’s supporters in Scotland. Therefore a protestant goverment was more easily able to establish itself.
What type of role did Elizabeth take?
One of a politique
Whats a politique?
A person who prefers to support a modern form of religeon and some religious toleration to promote national unity.
What factors after 1569 made it harder for Elizabeth to take a moderate approach?
- The arrival of the papal bull. 2. Protestant rebellions in both the Netherlands and France which lead to anti catholic paranoia if England was left the only protestant country in Europe. 3. The arrival of Catholic missionary priests
What was one part of the papal bull that posed a threat to Elizabeth?
It ordered Catholic not to obey her orders, mandates and laws threatening the excommunicated of those who continued to obey her.
What appointment showed the beginning of harsher treatments of Catholics after 1569?
The puritan Earl of Huntingdon as the Head of the council of the North?
How did the appointment of the puritan Earl of Huntington show the beginnings of harsher treatments of Catholics?
He was not prepared to tolerate any open Catholic activity and enforced existing goverment legislation more harshly then others had done. He made sure that protestant preachers were appointed to northern churches and he was even prepared to protect puritan preachers despite Elizabeth disliking and distrusting them, claiming that the presence of them would ensure people’s loyalty
