fallacies Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Ad Hominem

A

attacking the person who makes the argument, rather than the structure or content of the argument

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2
Q

nobody has ever disproven the flying spaghetti monster, therefore it must exist. This demonstrates which fallacy?

A

appeal to ignorance

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3
Q

slippery slope

A

asserting that one thing will follow another, without providing sufficient evidence for the likelihood of such a consequence

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4
Q

this is an example of? “either you are with us, or you are against us.”

A

false dilemma

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5
Q

false dilemma

A

assuming there are only two options, when there are actually many

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6
Q

Hasty generalisation

A

generalising without sufficient evidence - without considering enough cases

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7
Q

appeal to emotion (overlap with red herring)

A

arguing from feelings rather than facts

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8
Q

“the theory of evolution is just a theory, so we have no good reason to believe it” —–what is wrong here?

A

equivocation

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9
Q

fallacies are…

A

bad patterns

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10
Q

appeal to tradition

A

arguments that things have always been this way, therefore things should always be this way

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11
Q

appeal to ignorance

A

arguing that a conclusion is true because it has never been proven false.

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12
Q

Red Herring

A

drawing attention away from the argument at hand, by way of irrelevant premises

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13
Q

dentist recommending smoking filters is an example of which fallacy?

A

appeal to authority

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14
Q

“universities and restaurants both provide services in exchange for fees. Universities ought to be run more like restaurants.” what is going on here?

A

faulty analogy

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15
Q

division

A

when one infers that something is true of the thing, because it is true of the whole things.

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16
Q

appeal to popularity

A

arguing that a conclusion is true because lots of people think its true

17
Q

who are you to talk?!

A

arguing that a conclusion is false because the argument’s constructor doesn’t believe the conclusion (do as i say, not as i do)

18
Q

the conjunction fallacy

A

when it is assumed that multiple specific conditions are more likely that a general one.

19
Q

base rate fallacy

A

failure to take into account the rate at which something occurs when drawing conclusions from limited evidence

20
Q

decision point

A

assuming a cut off point when no such point exists, or needs to exist

21
Q

composition

A

when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some or all parts of the whole

22
Q

faulty analogy

A

argument by comparison, where the things compared are not sufficiently simmilar

23
Q

begging the question

A

CIRCULARITY including the conclusion in a premise

24
Q

equivocation

A

using a word in two different senses, as though it were used in one sense. i.e. use of ambiguous language intentionally.

25
strawman
giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, by refuting an uncharitable representation of the argument
26
appeal to authority
arguing that a conclusion is true based on the authority of the person who creates the argument
27
NZ car crash with a kid involved tv ad, example of?
appeal to emotion
28
"i always look at the clock at 11:11 - that must have some special meaning" what fallacy is commited here?
folk numeracy
29
what is this an example of: "if two hands exist, then an external world exists. Two hands do exist, therefore an external world exists"
begging the question
30
folk numeracy
we tend to notice anomaly, and ascribe special meaning to it, but really there are countless cases happening all around us and there are high chances of this.
31
"the likelihood of Linda being a bank teller will always be higher than the likelihood of Linda being a bank teller and an active feminist" TRUE / FALSE
TRUE a general condition is always more likely than a specific one.