fallacies

Question 1

Ad Hominem

Answer 1

attacking the person who makes the argument, rather than the structure or content of the argument

Question 2

nobody has ever disproven the flying spaghetti monster, therefore it must exist. This demonstrates which fallacy?

Answer 2

appeal to ignorance

Question 3

slippery slope

Answer 3

asserting that one thing will follow another, without providing sufficient evidence for the likelihood of such a consequence

Question 4

this is an example of? “either you are with us, or you are against us.”

Answer 4

false dilemma

Question 5

false dilemma

Answer 5

assuming there are only two options, when there are actually many

Question 6

Hasty generalisation

Answer 6

generalising without sufficient evidence - without considering enough cases

Question 7

appeal to emotion (overlap with red herring)

Answer 7

arguing from feelings rather than facts

Question 8

“the theory of evolution is just a theory, so we have no good reason to believe it” —–what is wrong here?

Answer 8

equivocation

Question 9

fallacies are…

Answer 9

bad patterns

Question 10

appeal to tradition

Answer 10

arguments that things have always been this way, therefore things should always be this way

Question 11

appeal to ignorance

Answer 11

arguing that a conclusion is true because it has never been proven false.

Question 12

Red Herring

Answer 12

drawing attention away from the argument at hand, by way of irrelevant premises

Question 13

dentist recommending smoking filters is an example of which fallacy?

Answer 13

appeal to authority

Question 14

“universities and restaurants both provide services in exchange for fees. Universities ought to be run more like restaurants.” what is going on here?

Answer 14

faulty analogy

Question 15

division

Answer 15

when one infers that something is true of the thing, because it is true of the whole things.

Question 16

appeal to popularity

Answer 16

arguing that a conclusion is true because lots of people think its true

Question 17

who are you to talk?!

Answer 17

arguing that a conclusion is false because the argument’s constructor doesn’t believe the conclusion (do as i say, not as i do)

Question 18

the conjunction fallacy

Answer 18

when it is assumed that multiple specific conditions are more likely that a general one.

Question 19

base rate fallacy

Answer 19

failure to take into account the rate at which something occurs when drawing conclusions from limited evidence

Question 20

decision point

Answer 20

assuming a cut off point when no such point exists, or needs to exist

Question 21

composition

Answer 21

when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some or all parts of the whole

Question 22

faulty analogy

Answer 22

argument by comparison, where the things compared are not sufficiently simmilar

Question 23

begging the question

Answer 23

CIRCULARITY including the conclusion in a premise

Question 24

equivocation

Answer 24

using a word in two different senses, as though it were used in one sense. i.e. use of ambiguous language intentionally.

Question 25

strawman

Answer 25

giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, by refuting an uncharitable representation of the argument

Question 26

appeal to authority

Answer 26

arguing that a conclusion is true based on the authority of the person who creates the argument

Question 27

NZ car crash with a kid involved tv ad, example of?

Answer 27

appeal to emotion

Question 28

"i always look at the clock at 11:11 - that must have some special meaning" what fallacy is commited here?

Answer 28

folk numeracy

Question 29

what is this an example of: "if two hands exist, then an external world exists. Two hands do exist, therefore an external world exists"

Answer 29

begging the question

Question 30

folk numeracy

Answer 30

we tend to notice anomaly, and ascribe special meaning to it, but really there are countless cases happening all around us and there are high chances of this.

Question 31

"the likelihood of Linda being a bank teller will always be higher than the likelihood of Linda being a bank teller and an active feminist" TRUE / FALSE

Answer 31

TRUE a general condition is always more likely than a specific one.