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Level 3 > Families Exam 5 - acute infectious GI disorders > Flashcards

Families Exam 5 - acute infectious GI disorders Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to the stool of a patient with celiac disease?

A

steatorrhea

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2
Q

What happens to the weight of a patient with celiac disease?

A

less than expected

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3
Q

What vitamin deficiencies occur with celiac disease and what do they cause?

A
  • B12: anemia
  • A: vision problems
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4
Q

What should be increased in the diet of someone with celiac disease?

A
  • protein
  • calories
  • vitamins
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5
Q

What should be decreased in the diet of someone with celiac disease?

A
  • gluten
  • fat
  • dairy
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6
Q

What does the stool look like with Meckel’s diverticulum?

A
  • bloody
  • mucus
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7
Q

How is hypovolemia corrected before surgical removal of the diverticulum?

A

blood transfusion

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8
Q

How is hypovolemia corrected after surgical removal of the diverticulum?

A

rehydration therapy

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9
Q

What is the stool like with rotavirus? How long does this last?

A
  • watery
  • foul-smelling
  • diarrhea
  • 5-7 days
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10
Q

How long does vomiting last with rotavirus?

A

2 days

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11
Q

What precautions are used with rotavirus?

A

contact

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12
Q

What should be avoided with rotavirus?

A

rectal temps

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13
Q

How should oral replacement therapy be given?

A

75-90 sodium mEq/L at 40-50 mL/kg over 4 hours

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14
Q

How should oral maintenance therapy be given?

A

40-60 sodium mEq/L at a limit of 150 mL/kg/day

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15
Q

How should diarrheal stools be replaced?

A

with 10 mL/kg of ORS

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16
Q

What foods should someone with rotavirus avoid?

A
  • fruit juices
  • carbonated soda
  • gelatin
  • caffeine
  • chicken/beef broth
  • bananas
  • rice
  • applesauce
  • toast
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17
Q

What is the incubation period of rotavirus?

A

48 hours

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18
Q

How often should a child with rotavirus wash their clothes and linens?

A

DAILY

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19
Q

What should you teach parents of a child with rotavirus NOT to do?

A
  • shake linens
  • share toys
  • share dishes/utensils
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20
Q

What is isotonic dehydration?

A

water and sodium are lost equally

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21
Q

What is likely with isotonic dehydration?

A
  • bleeding
  • diarrhea
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22
Q

What is hypotonic dehydration?

A

electrolyte loss is greater than fluid loss

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23
Q

What is likely with hypotonic dehydration?

A

shock

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24
Q

What is hypertonic dehydration?

A

water loss is greater than electrolyte loss

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25
What is likely with hypertonic dehydration?
neurological changes
26
What weight loss occurs with mild dehydration?
< 5%
27
What weight loss occurs with moderate dehydration?
6-9%
28
What weight loss occurs with severe dehydration?
> 10%
29
What happens to BP and HR with dehydration?
- decreased BP - increased HR
30
What is sunken with dehydration?
- fontanel - eyes
31
What should be monitored with dehydration?
- cap refill - VS - weight - I&O
32
How much oral rehydration is used for mild dehydration?
50 mL/kg every 4-6 hours
33
How much oral rehydration is used for moderate dehydration?
100 mL/kg every 4-6 hours
34
How much parenteral fluid therapy is used for dehydration if the child cannot drink enough oral fluids?
- 20 mL/kg IV bolus - possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
35
What is contraindicated for hypertonic dehydration?
rapid fluid replacement
36
What does the hole caused by cleft lip/palate cause?
the inability to suck
37
When is a cleft lip repair done?
between 2-3 months
38
When is a cleft palate repair done?
between 6-12 months
39
What should be avoided with cleft lip/palate?
- spoons - forks - straws - tongue depressors - hard pacifiers - rigid utensils - hard-tipped sippy cups - suction catheters
40
How should a cleft lip/palate incision site be cleaned?
- normal saline - water - diluted hydrogen peroxide
41
How can drainage and breathing be helped after repair of a cleft lip/palate?
changing positions frequently
42
How long should a clear liquid diet be ordered after a cleft lip/palate repair?
24 hours
43
How should a baby lay after a cleft PALATE repair?
belly
44
How should a baby lay after a cleft LIP repair?
- back and upright - on their side
45
What type of nipple should be used for a baby with a cleft lip?
wide-based
46
How can the gap be decreased when feeding a baby with a cleft lip?
by squeezing their cheeks together
47
What position should a baby with a cleft palate/lip and palate be fed in?
upright with head cradled
48
What type of valve and nipple should be used to feed a baby with cleft palate/lip and palate?
- one-way valve - specially cut nipple
49
What should be done frequently while feeding a baby with a cleft palate/lip and palate?
burping
50
What should be reported in a baby with a cleft lip/palate?
- ear infections - hearing loss
51
What is present in the vomit of an infant with GERD?
blood
52
When is a cough, heartburn, abdominal/chest pain, and difficulty breathing seen with GERD?
in children
53
What medication is given for GERD?
PPI (prazole)
54
What should patients with GERD do after eating?
sit up, raise HOB
55
What should be done to the formula for an infant with GERD?
- thicken - 1tsp-1tbsp rice cereal per 1oz formula
56
What foods should be avoided with GERD?
- caffeine - citrus - peppermint - spicy/fried
57
What findings should be reported with GERD?
- pneumonia - weight loss - failure to thrive
58
Where is appendicitis pain felt?
RLQ
59
What happens to the breathing of a child with appendicitis?
rapid, shallow
60
What does an absence of pain mean with appendicitis?
rupture
61
What should be avoided with appendicitis?
- heat - enemas - laxatives
62
What should be given before surgery for a non-ruptured appendix?
- IV fluids - antibiotics
63
What should be given before surgery for a ruptured appendix?
- fluid replacement - NG tube decompression - IV antibiotics
64
What should be kept after surgery if bowel sounds are absent or the appendix was ruptured?
NPO
65
What are s/sx of peritonitis?
- fever - increased pain - rigid/distended abdomen
66
When does projectile vomiting occur with pyloric stenosis? What does it look like?
- after feeding - blood-tinged
67
Where is the mass located with pyloric stenosis? What does it look like?
- RUQ - olive-shaped
68
What GI disorder causes constant hunger?
pyloric stenosis
69
What medications are given after a pyloromyotomy?
- antiemetics - analgesics
70
When should clear liquids be started after surgery for pyloric stenosis? When can breastmilk/formula be started?
- CL: 4-6 hours after - BM/F: 24 hours after
71
When would you see a sausage-shaped abdominal mass?
intussusception
72
What does stool look like with intussusception?
- blood and mucus - jelly-like
73
When would a child be screaming and in a knee-to-chest position?
intussusception
74
How can dehydration be prevented with intussusception?
IV fluids
75
What procedure is done for intussusception?
air enema with or without contrast

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