family

Question 1

family

Answer 1

• promotes survival(food,shelter,health)
• provide support:emotional,financial
• socialization: the process through which children acquire the values,standards,knowledge,and behaviours seen as appropiate for their role in their culture

Question 2

family influneces on a child

Answer 2

• parent relations
• sibling relation
• parent 1-child relation
• parent 2-child relations

Question 3

aspects of pareneting

Answer 3

* warmth/support/ acceptance/responsivness:
physical or emotional

• control/demandigness
  
  • behavioural control
  • psychological control

* Discipline
* reinforcement and punishment
* physical punishment(spanking) negative outcomes in children. ex:agression/anti-social behaviour,mental health problems through adulthood
* power assertionex;dont get to eat dinner.lnegative outcomes

Question 4

Discipline(that leads negative outcomes)

Answer 4

• reinforcement and punishment
  ex: physical punishment(spanking) negative outcomes in childrenleads to : agression/anti-social behaviour,mental health problems through adulthood
  • power assertion
    ex: dont get to eat dinner.lnegative outcomes

Question 5

Discipline that leads to good outcomes

Answer 5

• Indective dicipline
  teaches and explain to the child what they did wrong, why is it wrong and the consequences of it/how it impacts others

ex: you should’t hit larissa because it will hurt her and she will be upset, just like you would’t want to be hurt by someone else.

Question 6

parenting styles

Answer 6

• authoritarian: high control,low warmth
• authoritative(love):high control,high warmth
• permissive:low control,high warmth
• uninvolved parents: low control,low warmth

it can shift overtime,it can shift between child

Question 7

parenting styles outcomes

Answer 7

• authoritative parenting seems to have the best outcomess
• univolved/negigect parenting seems to have the worst outcomes

in north america

Question 8

parents relation between parents

how it influences the child

Answer 8

• conflict leads to poorer outcomes
• children who have good qualitive parenting but has a lot of conflict between parents do better than children who have bad qualitive parenting that dont have a lot of conflict between parents(parenting is more important then conflict)

Question 9

divorce

Answer 9

• associated with incresed problems in children:behavioural,social,academic

why?
* parent conflict
* stress(for the child and for the parent)
* diminished parenting
* economic challanges
* social changes:move to a new place with new pwople
* abscence of a parent
* relocating
* a lot of changes happens all in one

Question 10

divorce vs conflict

Answer 10

• in parents who fight all the time is better for the children for them to get divorce( less psychological distress,more happiness)
• in parents who dont have a lot of conflict and get divorced, those kids are doing less well (more distress,less happiness)

Question 11

divorce as a process

Answer 11

• pre-divorce differences: is already shown in kids before the actual divorce
• short-term effects: are the worst
• long-term effects: go away or reduced,more likely to get divorced themselves
• divorce as a process not as a moment,not like a one time thing

Question 12

Same sex/gender parents

Answer 12

• no difference in adjustment,personallity,achivement,sexual orientation
• children from queer families report feeling different and subjected to social slights > but feel positively about their families
• but,reserch criticized for being focused on small,non-representative samples

Question 13

parenting quality>outcomes

regardless of gender

Question 14

Sibling Relationships

Answer 14

• shapped by parents and parent-child relationships
• very distict social relationship:
  • typically neither vertical or horizontal power structures
    
    • maked by borth warmth/support and conflict
      
      • non-voluntary

Question 15

variety in relationships

Answer 15

age,age gap,gender,biological vs adopted vs stepsiblings vs half-sblings

gender:
* same gender pairs in teenage years tend to be close but in later teenage years drops of a bit
* mix gender pairs:not very close in early adolecent but later on they become more close]

conflict:
* a lot of conflict in childhood and early adolescence,but latter on it drops off

Question 16

siblings relationships:Caregiver Relationship

Answer 16

• one sibling serves as a quasi-parent for the other
• usually in a older girl siblings and a younger sibling

Question 17

Sibling relationship: Buddy Relationships

Answer 17

• both siblings like each other,and try to be like eachother

Question 18

Casual/uninvolved Relationships

Answer 18

• siblings have little to do with each other

Question 19

critical/conflict/rival relationship

Answer 19

• one sibling tries to dominate the other;teasing,fighting

Question 20

outcomes

Answer 20

the more herminous the sibling relationship more ideal outcomes

Question 21

Functions of sibling relationship

Answer 21

• practice communication and social skills
• buffer for peer rejection,parent conflict,stressful experiences
• try out new behaviour
• can be opportunity for learning about another gender: body parts and gender norms
• promote individuality
• conflict : destructive or constructive?

because they cant leave

Question 22

conflict between siblings

Answer 22

moderate of conflict is good because you lern in conflict menagment skilld

high levels of conflicts have less then ideal outcomes

Question 23

Birth order reserch:

Answer 23

different home enviroment/treatment causes different personallity traitsoutcomes

reserch on birth order differences is actually mixed and results appears to be tiny

Question 24

only children

Answer 24

• siblings are not necessary for halthy development!
• only children tend to have higher self-esteem,do better in school( probaby due to having more parent attention and pressure)

Difference in peer relationship:

• in america,only children may be linked with less acceptance
  * in china,no difference(
• maybe because they have closer relationship with causens or because of the one child law where everybody also are only siblings

Question 25

in canada 7% grow up living with a gradparents

Question 26

Grandparents

Answer 26

* evolutionary : useful for survival-they(gradparent) can take care of the baby, it can increse child surviaval * can boost emotional well-being * can serve as buffers in children growing up in risky context(specially in sigle parent household)

Question 27

different roles

Answer 27

*** influential gradparents: **have authory over you,have contact with * **supportive grandparets:** they take care of you,emotional support,not authority * **passive gradparent**:not a lot of contect with,not a lot of authority *** authritygrandparent **who do not have a lot of contaxt but with a lot of authority **detached granparents**

Question 28

culture and parenting

Answer 28

* in all cultures,use of warmth/support and control * in all cultures,warth/support appears beneficial for development * but how they are expressed is different across culture(ex:hugs,tellig them u love them,gestures)

Question 29

culture and prenting:reserch-chinease

Answer 29

chinease parents:tend to withold praise,believed to lead to self-satisfied children(less warmth).belief in deeply-involved parents,respect for family/authority(more control) mixed finding on outcomes with these parenting approches(control): * some studies show no negative effects og high-control parenting in chinease families * more recent studies showing similar negative effects of high-control in chinease and american families

Question 30

why so much mixed findings?

Answer 30

* difference mening of control * changes over time * difference across regions in chiana * differences across age

Question 31

culture and prenting:reserch-latino

Answer 31

latino parents more warmth but also more control some values more important in there culture then in canada

Question 32

CULTURE & PARENTING

Answer 32

* ''Normativeness” * Not all parents within a culture think and behave the same! * If parents’ practices are congruent with others in their cultural context > adaptive for children? * children that percive parenting they face normative have better outcomes

Question 33

CULTURE & PARENTING

Answer 33

* Parenting is culturally situated * What is valued as “good” parenting differs * The relationship between parenting practices and outcomes may differ * And– even within cultures, there may be a lot of variability

Question 34

CULTURE & SIBLINGS

Answer 34

* Sibling relationships are also culturally situated! * Cultural variations: * Which is seen as primary bond: parent-child or sibling * Amount of time spent together * Caregiving roles | Most research on siblings within European-American families!

Question 35

CULTURE & EXTENDED FAMILY

Answer 35

* Large cultural and ethnic differences in proportion of children living with extended families! * Example: Black families more likely to live with larger extended family * Seems to be beneficial! > help with effective child-rearing, reduce costs, transmission of culture