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Flashcards in Farm animal therapeutics Deck (17)
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1
Q

What is a category A product in the new EU antibiotic classification system?

A

Products that are not licensed for food producing animals, may be used in companion animals

2
Q

What is a category B product in the new EU antibiotic classification system?

A

Critically important, avoid using these, required to have culture and sensitivity data to support your selection

3
Q

What is a category C product in the new EU antibiotic classification system?

A

Use of these may cause a mutation that causes loss of efficacy, or total resistance of category A and B antibiotics. We want to be cautious and only use these when we need to

4
Q

What is a category D product in the new EU antibiotic classification system?

A

Used initially before going up into the other categories

5
Q

When no authorised product exists for a condition affecting a non food-producing species, and in order to mitigate unacceptable suffering, treat the animal(s) in accordance with the following sequence:

A

1) A veterinary medicine authorised for use in another species, or for a different condition in the same species
2i) A medicine authorised in the UK for human use
2ii) In accordance with an import certificate, a medicine authorised in another member
3) A medicine made up at the time on a one-off basis by a veterinary surgeon or an authorised person

6
Q

What are the principles of the cascade in food producing animals?

A
  • Restricted to single holding
  • Medicine imported must be authorised for food-producing species in other state.
  • Vet specify appropriate withdrawal period
  • Vet must keep specified records (inc withdrawal)
7
Q

What are antibiotics?

A
  • Developed by bugs to fight each other
  • Arms race – resistance develops, new substances evolve
  • Man has synthesised new versions and ways to block resistance
  • Bugs fight back
  • More use = more selection pressure
8
Q

How do antibiotics work?

A
  • Disrupt cell wall production
  • DNA action inhibitors
  • Protein synthesis inhibitors
  • Cell membrane function
9
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that disrupt cell wall production

A

Beta - lactams, Penicillins, Cephalosporins

10
Q

Name 2 antibiotics that are DNA action inhibitors

A

Potentiated sulphonamides

Fluoroquinolones

11
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that are protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Streptomycin, Tetracyclines, Macrolides

12
Q

What are some considerations when prescribing antimicrobials?

A
  • Does the diagnosis warrant antibiotic therapy ?
  • What organisms are involved ?
  • What is the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of the organism ?
  • In what region of the body and in what cell is the organism located ? Will the antibiotic penetrate to the organism?
  • What side effects might be expected ? Do the benefits outweigh the risks?
  • Is this the most cost-effective therapy?
13
Q

Do penicillin and beta-lactams penetrate serum or tissues? why?

A

Penicillins and beta lactams are acidic so they stay in the serum and don’t get into acidic milk

14
Q

Does Tylan 200 penetrate serum or tissues? why?

A

Tissues - alkaline

Levels in milk exceed serum

15
Q

Define synergism

A

Potentiation of one drug action by another

16
Q

If a substance if acidic goes it go into milk?

A

Does not enter acidic milk, even with mastitis

- so want to use alkaline substances

17
Q

What are some current NSAID options for cattle?

A
  • Flunixin
  • Ketoprofen
  • Meloxicam
  • Carprofen
  • Aspirin