farma coll 2 Flashcards
(43 cards)
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin)
-Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
-Antithrombotic effect
Irreversible inhibition of COX1
-Secondary cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis prevention
Tirofiban
-GPIIb / IIIa receptor antagonists
-platelet activation blockade in the aggregation phase
antithrombotic effect
-ACS
Clopidogrel
-ADP receptor antagonists
-irreversible receptor inactivation
-Secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis
Ticagrelor
-ADP receptor antagonists
-Reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist indirect inhibition
-Secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis
Heparin
Enoxaparin (Fractioned)
-Non-selective indirect coagulation factor inhibitors
- Indirect inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa
-DVT prevention and therapy
ACS
Fondaparinux
-Selective indirect inhibitors of factor Xa
-AT-dependent selective factor Xa inhibitors
-prevention of Venous thromboembolism
ACS
protamine sulphate
heparin antidote
charged (+) peptide mixture
Dabigatran
-Selective direct inhibitors of factor IIa
-Prodrug, reversible inhibition of factor IIa (thrombin)
-DVT and PE prevention (hip, knee prosthesis)
Stroke prevention (A.fib)
idarucizumab
antidote for dabigatran
anticoagulant neutralizer
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
-Selective direct inhibitors of factor Xa
-Irreversible, free and thrombus-bound inhibition of * factor Xa
-DVT
Stroke prevention (A. fib)
andexanet alfa
Antidote for Rivaroxaban and Apixaban
antagonist
Warfarin
Vitamin K antagonists
1) DVT and PE treatment and prevention
2) Secondary prevention of MI and prevention of thromboembolic complications (stroke or systemic thromboembolism) after MI
3) Stroke prevention (Afib)
4) Prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with heart valve diseases and prosthetic valves
Ateplase
-Thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) agents
-induces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
- Pulmonary embolism
ACS
Ischemic stroke therapy
Tranexamic acid
-Fibrinolysis inhibitors
-Reversible, lysine domain blockade in plasminogen
-Complications of fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) therapy or hyperfibrinolysis
Massive bleeding or its prognosis
Desmopressin
-Vasopressin receptor agonists
-Synthetic analogue of vasopressin
- Scheduled surgery in patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrand’s disease
Bleeding control in patients with prolonged blood flow time
Mannitol
-Osmotic diuretics
-Proximal tubules, Loop of Henle
-can cause hyperhydration at first
1) Increased intracranial pressure
2) Acute glaucoma attack (alternative therapy)
3) Acute renal failure (toxicology) forced diuresis
Acetazolamide
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-Proximal tubule
1)Edema
2)Glaucoma, acute glaucoma attack
3)Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
Side effect: metabolic acidosis (less bicarbonate)
Furosemide
-Loop Diuretics (ascending)
-Inhibition of
Na+ /K+ /2Cl cotransporter
1)Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
2) Arterial hypertension (AH)
3) Edema due to liver or kidney disease
4)Swelling of the lungs, brain, burns
Side Effects: hypokalaemia (cardiac arrhythmia), hypocalcaemia, ototoxicity
Torasemide
-Loop diuretics (Ascending)
-Inhibition of
Na+ /K+ /2Cl cotransporter
1)Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
2) Arterial hypertension (AH)
3) Edema due to liver or kidney disease
4)Swelling of the lungs, brain, burns
Side Effects: hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, ototoxicity
Indapamide
-thiazide-like diuretics
-Distal convoluted tubules
Na+ /Cl
transporter inhibition
1)CHF
2)AH
3)* Kidney stone disease caused by hypercalciuria (only hydrocholorthiazide)
Side Effect: Hypokalaemia
Interactions: NSAIDs
Hydrochlorothiazide
-Thiazides diuretics
-Distal convoluted tubules
Na+ /Cl
transporter inhibition
1)CHF
2)AH
3)* Kidney stone disease caused by hypercalciuria (only hydrocholorthiazide)
Side Effect: Hypokalaemia
Interactions: NSAIDs
Spironolactone
-Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
-Collection ducts
1.Mild diuretic effect
2. Antifibrotic effect
3. Antiandrogenic effect
Eplerenone
-Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
-collecting ducts
1)CHF
2) Resistant arterial hypertension
Side Effects: hyperkalaemia
Interactions: ACE inhibitors (hyperkaliemia
ACE-I
(pril)
Captopril (active drug, short acting) P/O
Enalapril (pro-drug) P/O
Enalaprilat (active version of Enalapril) IV
Perindopril (pro-drug) P/O
first choice drugs -> less pre and after load -> less aldosterone -> hypotensive effect
