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Farming Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main species of trout used in aquaculture?

A

Rainbow trout, Brook trout, Brown trout.

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2
Q

What are the primary rearing systems for trout?

A

Intensive flow-through (raceways), RAS, Aquaponics (haloponics).

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3
Q

What is the optimal temperature range for trout farming?

A

10-18°C (general range: 5-18°C).

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4
Q

What is the salinity preference of trout?

A

Freshwater

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5
Q

What is the typical duration of a trout’s production cycle?

A

1.5-2.5 years.

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6
Q

What are the key life cycle phases of trout?

A

egg, larvae, fry, fingerling, juvenile, grower.

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7
Q

What is the feeding type of trout at different stages?

A

Endogenous (early), zooplankton (fry, fingerling), formulated feed (juvenile, grower).

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8
Q

What is the crude protein (CP) requirement for trout?

A

45% CP.

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9
Q

What are the main species of tilapia used in aquaculture?

A

Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis mossambicus.

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10
Q

What are the primary rearing systems for tilapia?

A

Pond farms, RAS, Biofloc, IFS (integrated farming systems), IMTA.

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11
Q

What is the optimal temperature range for tilapia?

A

22-29°C (general range: 8-42°C).

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12
Q

What is the salinity tolerance of tilapia?

A

Euryhaline, up to 36 ppt (optimal <19 ppt).

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13
Q

What is the typical duration of a tilapia life cycle?

A

1 year.

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14
Q

What are the key reproductive techniques applied in production of tilapia?

A

misex sex or monosex culture. for monosex there can be monosex males, GIFT, hybrids

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15
Q

What are the key reproductive techniques applied in production of trout?

A

all females through triploidy or all females produced through hormones

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16
Q

What is the feeding type of tilapia at different stages?

A

Herbivorous, various feed forms (power, crumble, extruded floating).

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17
Q

What is the crude protein (CP) requirement for tilapia?

A

30-35% CP.

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18
Q

What are the primary rearing systems for blue crabs?

A

RAS (3-5 individuals/m²).

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19
Q

What is the optimal temperature range for blue crabs?

A

28-30°C.

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20
Q

What is the salinity preference of blue crabs?

A

25-30 ppt.

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21
Q

What is the typical duration of a blue crab’s life cycle?

A

3-4 years.

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22
Q

What are the key life cycle phases of blue crabs?

A

Zoeae, megalopae, juveniles, adults.

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23
Q

What is the feeding type of blue crabs?

A

Carnivorous (rotifers, artemia, formulated feed).

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24
Q

What are the primary rearing systems for sturgeon?

A

RAS, Flow-through, Indoor hatchery, Earthen ponds, Cages (FW or SW).

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25
What is the optimal temperature range for sturgeon?
16-21°C.
26
What is the salinity preference of sturgeon?
anadromous
27
What is the typical duration of a sturgeon life cycle?
7-15 years to reach sexual maturity, so to complete the caviar production cycle
28
What is the feeding type of sturgeon?
Carnivorous, benthic feeding.
29
What are the primary rearing systems for shrimp?
Extensive, Semi-intensive, Intensive, Biofloc.
30
What is the optimal temperature range for shrimp?
25-30°C.
31
What is the typical duration of a shrimp production cycle?
80 days.
32
What is the feeding type of shrimp?
endogenous, phyto-zooplankton and microalgae with then artificial diets
33
CP requirement in sturgeon
40-45%
34
Lipid requirement in sturgeon
10-15%
35
crude fiber requirement in sturgeon
1-3%
36
CP blue crabs:
38-42%
37
L blue crabs
5%
38
reproductive techniques in aquaculture of sturgeon
crossbreeding F1 hybrids
39
What is the optimal temperature range for sea bass?
12-26°C (optimum 22-24°C).
40
What is the salinity tolerance of sea bass?
20-35 ppt.
41
What is the typical duration of a sea bass life cycle?
2-4 years.
42
What is the feeding type of sea bass?
Carnivorous (rotifers, artemia, formulated feed).
43
What is the crude protein (CP) requirement for sea bass?
45-50% CP.
44
What are the primary rearing systems for sea bream?
Extensive/semi-intensive lagoons, Floating cages, Tanks/Ponds.
45
What are the primary rearing systems for sea bass?
Extensive/semi-intensive lagoons, Floating cages, Tanks/Ponds.
46
What is the optimal temperature range for sea bream?
18-26°C.
47
what is the min T for sea bass
>3°C
48
what is the min T for sea bream
min 4-5°C
49
What is the salinity tolerance of sea bream?
20-35 ppt.
50
What is the feeding type of sea bream?
Carnivorous, occasionally herbivorous.
51
What is the feeding type of sea bass?
positive carnivore then negative carnivore
52
What are the primary rearing systems for mussels?
lagoon, open sea, IMTA
53
What are the main shrimp species used in aquaculture?
Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp), Penaeus monodon (giant tiger shrimp), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant river prawn), Macrobrachium nipponense (oriental river prawn).
53
What is the feeding type of sturgeon?
Carnivorous, benthic feeding.
54
What is the feeding type of shrimp?
Zooplankton, microalgae, artificial diets.
55
What are the primary rearing systems for clams?
Still water farming 1-8 d, continuous flow farming with downwelling from 8-30 d, upwelling >30 d
56
What is the optimal temperature range for clams?
16-25°C.
57
What is the salinity preference of clams?
25-35 ppt.
57
What is the typical duration of a clam's life cycle?
18-24 months after sowing there is the harvesting
58
What is the feeding type of clams?
Filter feeders.
59
life stages in clams
eggs, trochophore larva, D larva, veliger, pediveliger, spat
60
species of mussel
M. galloprovincialis and M. eduli
61
shrimps SD in the systems
- extensive >10 ha SD: 1-5 shrimp/m2 - semi-int. 1-10 ha SD: 10-30 shrimp/m2 - intensive SD: > 50-100 shrimp/m2 - biofloc SD: 250-500/m2 brown brown-green green-brown green
62
trout SD
ntensive flow through (raceways) 10-20 kg/m3 RAS 40-50 kg/m3
63
mussel production cycle time
13-15 months
64
sea bream requirements
CP 55% L 15% C 5%
65
sea bass requirements
CP 45% L 15%
66
shrimp requirements
CP 36-38 % L 6-7% C <5% DE 300-400 kcal/100g feed
67
tilapia requirements
CP 30-32/35% L 10-25 (min>5)% C 35-40% but unknown DP/DE 110-120 mg/Kcal (fries and fingerlings)

Farming and feeding (3 decks)

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