farter

Question 1

apcial meristems

Answer 1

region of cells capable of division and growth in the root and shoot tips in plants. Apical meristems give rise to the primary plant body and are responsible for the extension of the roots and shoots.

Question 2

as base of grass leaf

Answer 2

sheath?

Question 3

at the tips of stem and roots

Answer 3

apcial meristems

Question 4

Collenchyma

Answer 4

• support surrounding tissues
• provide flexibly for plants
• tissue repair and replacement
• living cells,
• respond to structural stress by thickening cell walls (‘strings’ in celery)

Question 5

companion cells

Answer 5

specialized parenchyma cells in the phloem tissues of the angiosperms.

Question 6

cork cambium

Answer 6

tissue found in many vascular plants as a part of the epidermis. is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems

Question 7

epidermis

Answer 7

outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant.

The epidermis and its waxy cuticle provide a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection.

Question 8

fibre

Answer 8

Fibres are greatly elongated cells whose long, tapering ends interlock providing maximum support to a plant.

Question 9

what forms the cortex

Answer 9

large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system

Question 10

root cap

Answer 10

Root caps are formed by the apical meristem and consist of parenchymal cells.

Question 11

what forms the cortex

Answer 11

mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system

Question 12

what forms the root cap

Answer 12

the apical meristem and consist of parenchymal cells. Parenchymal cells are totipotent, meaning that they can turn into any cell type within the plant.

Question 13

what is found on the surface of herbaceous plants

Answer 13

epidermis

Question 14

what is found on the surface of woody plants

Answer 14

raised openings called lenticels. Lenticels are a site of gas exchange between the stem and the atmosphere surrounding the stem. More precisely, they are the site of lenticular transpiration.

Question 15

guard cells

Answer 15

surrounds each stoma on the leaf surface. Stomata are important because they regulate the uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis and also the loss of water vapour from the plant during transpiration.

Question 16

intercalary meristems

Answer 16

a type of primary meristematic tissue containing cells that can divide and promote the growth of the plant.

Question 17

latreal meristem

Answer 17

A type of meristematic tissue comprised of meristematic cells in the lateral areas of a plant, and is associated with lateral growth.

Question 18

what makes the cuticle

Answer 18

a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer (epidermis) of leaves, young shoots

Question 19

mesophyll

Answer 19

the internal ground tissue located between the two epidermal cell layers of the leaf;

and is composed of two kinds of tissues: the palisade parenchyma, an upper layer of elongated chlorenchyma cells containing large amounts of chloroplasts; and the spongy parenchyma, a lower layer of spherical or ovoid

Question 20

parenchyma cells

Answer 20

a type of simple permanent tissue that makes a major part of ground tissues in plants/ Parenchyma tissue may also be meristematic

• storage
• photosynthesis
• gas exchange
• protection
• tissue repair and replacement
• most common plant tissue
• storage, carrying out plant function, main part of leaf, root tubers, fruit

Question 21

periderm

Answer 21

armor protecting the plant’s inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stress.

Question 22

phloem

Answer 22

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Question 23

phohlem cell types

Answer 23

sieve tube elements and companion cells

Question 24

root hairs

Answer 24

outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of a plant root

Question 25

sclerenchyma cells

Answer 25

- suport mature plant - structural support - dead at maturity - forms the fibre (ie of flax and hemp - used for rope, clothing), and wood

Question 26

sclereids or stone cells

Answer 26

a reduced form of the sclerenchyma cells

Question 27

sieve tube elements

Answer 27

specialized cells that are important for the function of phloem, which is a highly organized tissue that transports organic compounds made during photosynthesis. Sieve elements are the major conducting cells in phloem.

Question 28

special epidermal cells and structures

Answer 28

keratinocytes: Keratinocytes produce the protein keratin, which is the main component of the epidermis. Melanocytes: Melanocytes make your skin pigment, known as melanin. Langerhans cells: Langerhans cells prevent things from getting into your skin

Question 29

trachieads

Answer 29

a type of water-conducting cell in the xylem which lacks perforations in the cell wall.

Question 30

trichomes

Answer 30

fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists.

Question 31

types of lateral meristems

Answer 31

The vascular cambium and cork cambium are two types of lateral meristematic tissues.

Question 32

types of sclerenchyma cells

Answer 32

fibres and sclereids. Fibres are very elongated cells that can be found in stems, roots, and vascular bundles in leaves. Fibers impart fibrousness as in the case of asparagus. Sclereids are found in different shapes (spherical, oval, or cylindrical) and are present in various plant tissues such as the periderm, cortex, pith, xylem, phloem, leaves, and fruits.

Question 33

types of vascular tissue

Answer 33

xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue transports water and nutrients from the roots to different parts of the plant, and also plays a role in structural support in the stem. hloem tissue transports organic compounds from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.

Question 34

vascular cambium

Answer 34

a layer of meristematic cells (or initials) that arises between primary xylem and phloem

Question 35

vessel elements

Answer 35

vessel elements are the building blocks of vessels, the conducting pathways that constitute the major part of the water transporting system in flowering plants.

Question 36

xylem

Answer 36

transporting water and solutes originating from the plant–soil interface to the stems and leaves, and providing mechanical support and storage

Question 37

xylem cell types

Answer 37

Tracheids: Their main function is water and mineral transportation. Vessels: Mostly involved in the conduction of water, minerals and give mechanical strength to the plant. Xylem Fibre: Dead cell with lignified walls and a central lumen. Involved in water transportation and providing mechanical support. Xylem Parenchyma: Only living cells of xylem and store starch and fat. They assist in the short distance transportation of water.

Question 38

dermal

Answer 38

- Includes Epidermis and Periderm - Epidermal – a single layer of cells found covering the surface of the plant - Some epidermal cells are specialized for performing a certain function. - Examples: Guard cells in leaves Roots hairs in roots

Question 39

Plant Tissues - Dermis

Answer 39

Trichomes - Hairlike outgrowths of epidermis - Keep leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation Roots hairs - Tube extensions from epidermal cells - Greatly increase the root’s surface area for absorption

Question 40

Vascular Tissue: Two main types

Answer 40

Xylem - transports water from the roots to the leaves. - cells are elongated and hollow with thickened, lignified cell walls. - arranged end-to-end. - supportive function. Phloem - transports food made in the leaves to the rest of the plant. - cells are elongated and arranged end-to-end.

Question 41

Ground Tissue

Answer 41

Any tissue that is not dermal or vascular Where photosynthesis occurs Three main types: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Question 42

Which group(s) do not have stems or roots?

Answer 42

moss

Question 43

Which groups(s) do not have flowers?

Answer 43

moss, fern

Question 44

Function of the Root

Answer 44

- Anchoring - Absorbing water and nutrients from the soil - Energy storage – e.g. carrot, potatoes - Asexual reproduction for some plants is through the root system

Question 45

Function of the Stem

Answer 45

- Support the plant, lifts leaves to sun - Conduct water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves - Conduct food (glucose) manufactured in the leaves to rest of plant

Question 46

Function of the Leaf

Answer 46

- Photosynthesis - Gaseous exchange take in O2 and release CO2 during respiration take in CO2 and release O2 during photosynthesis Water Vapour can be lost from the surface of the leaf in a process known as Transpiration

Question 47

Stomata: Functions

Answer 47

- The stomata are responsible for the interchange of gases for respiration and photosynthesis. - The stomata allow for the loss of excess water in the form of water vapour, which also allows for cooling.

Question 48

Plants that produce true seeds (spermatophytes), are divided into two main groups:

Answer 48

gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Question 49

Gymnosperms

Answer 49

cone-producing plants (the ‘conifers’), such as pines and spruces. woody stem

Question 50

Angiosperms

Answer 50

-Reproduce with flowers -Seeds mature in a fruiting body developing from female part of the flower two groups monocot dicot

Question 51

Coniferous Trees:

Answer 51

Have cones. Most do not drop their “leaves” (needles) in winter

Question 52

Deciduous Trees:

Answer 52

Large flat leaves. Drop their leaves in winter. Leaves change color

Question 53

monocot

Answer 53

are grass and grass-like flowering plants, the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon e.g Wheat.Maize.Rice.Ginger.Barley.Coconut. (cotelydon = seed leaf–first leaf/leaves to grow on sprout from seed)

Question 54

dicot

Answer 54

namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. e.g magnolias, roses, geraniums, and hollyhocks cotelydon = seed leaf–first leaf/leaves to grow on sprout from seed)

Question 55

dicot

Answer 55

namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. e.g magnolias, roses, geraniums, and hollyhocks cotelydon = seed leaf–first leaf/leaves to grow on sprout from seed)

Question 56

spermatophytes

Answer 56

is any plant that produces seeds, mango

Question 57

pteridophytes

Answer 57

any of a group of vascular plants that have roots, stems, and leaves, reproduce by spores instead of by flowers and seeds, ex. ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and their extinct relatives.

Question 58

tracheophytes

Answer 58

form a large group of land plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. e.g corn, asparagus

Question 59

bryophytes

Answer 59

contains three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.