fasciolidae

Question 1

These flukes are large and leaf like in appearance that usually occur in
herbivores.

Answer 1

fasciolidae

Question 2

They have spiny cuticle and their suckers (oral and ventral) are close to each other. The receptaculum seminis is absent but they have a well-developed vitellaria.

Answer 2

fasciolidae

Question 3

The ovary, testes and vitellaria are highly branched. A pharynx and
esophagus is present and the ceca may be branched or simple

Answer 3

fasciolidae

Question 4

They are parasitic in
the liver, bile ducts and sometimes in the small intestine.

Answer 4

fasciolidae

Question 5

2 most important specie of fasciolidae

Answer 5

fasciola hepatica and gigantica

Question 6

liver fluke

Answer 6

fasciola hepatica

Question 7

giant liver fluke

Answer 7

fasciola gigantica

Question 8

this specie is broader anteriorly and has broad sides and prominent shoulders

Answer 8

fasciola hepatica

Question 9

this specie is longer, bigger with parallel sides and with less
distinct shoulders.

Answer 9

fasciola gigantica

Question 10

The eggs are operculated, with yellowish shell filled with indistinct cells, however the operculum is not very distinct

Answer 10

fasciola gigantica

Question 11

what disease is caused by the genus fasciola

Answer 11

fasciolosis (fascioliasis)
liver fluke disease or liver rot.

Question 12

more widespread and occurs in temperate countries and in some
tropical areas

Answer 12

f. hepatica

Question 13

occurs commonly in tropical &
subtropical areas.

Answer 13

f. gigantica

Question 14

in the philippines, which is more common, F. hepatica or F. gigantica?

Answer 14

f. gigantica

Question 15

the genus fasciola is prrsent in almost all provinces and have a high incidence in ____

Answer 15

leyte, sorsogon, masbate

Question 16

the life cycle of fasciola

Answer 16

from IH, the unembruonated egg are passed through the bile ducts, to duodenum, and then to feces.
eggs in contact with water at 25-27C will hatch into the miracidium in about 10-12 days and will have to find a snail host. if they couldnt find a host, they will die.
then they will cast off their ciliated covering and becomes sporocyst
then to redia, about 5-8 generations
the redia will give rise to 650 cercaria. the motile cercaria swims in bodies of water and settles on grass and will secrete a cyst or covering so it will become metacercaria. this metacercaria will settle at the bottom of the water

Question 17

what snail host does the s. hepatica prefer

Answer 17

lymnaea truncatula

Question 18

what snail host does the f. gigantica

Answer 18

lymnaea articularia

Question 19

what is the mostcommon snail host of fasciola sp in the philippines

Answer 19

Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa and Lymnaea philippinensis

Question 20

infection of fasciola of an animal

Answer 20

though ingestion of metacercaria either from infected/
contaminated herbage or drinking water.

Question 21

it occurs after ingestion of metacercaria

Answer 21

exystation or removal of the cyst in duodenum which will relaease the young fluke (marita).

Question 22

the route of the young fluke (marita)

Answer 22

penetrates intestinal wall and migrate to abdominal cavity and reaches to penetrate liver capsule

Question 23

Longevity of adults can reach up to _________ in some animals. Adult flukes can
produce_______ eggs per day.

Answer 23

9 months or up to 5-11 years
8,000-25,000

Question 24

Migration of marita in the liver parenchyma usually takes ______ and then will finally settle in the bile ducts and becomes adult in about 2-4 months post infection of the animal host

Answer 24

5-6 weeks

Question 25

The primary damage done by fasciola

Answer 25

hemorrhage and lesions in the liver parenchyma due to the migration of immature flukes until they reach the bile ducts.

Question 26

2 forms of fasciolosis

Answer 26

acute and chronis

Question 27

this form of fasciolosis is more common in sheep infection and asscociated with the black disease caused by Clostridium novyi.

Answer 27

acute fasciolosis

Question 28

clinical signs of acute fasciolosis

Answer 28

anorexia, less rumination, distended abdomen and the animal dies suddenly with blood stained froth in the nostrils and anus (must be differentiated from anthrax).

Question 29

the most common form of fasciolosis among herbivorous animals like cattle, carabao, sheep and goat.

Answer 29

chronic

Question 30

Clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis

Answer 30

anemia, weight loss, weakness, marked emaciation, loss of appetite and edema of the inter-mandibular space (bottle jaw appearance).

Question 31

due to the constant irritation caused by capsular spines and movement of flukes in the liver thus it becomes fibrotic and calcified.

Answer 31

Hyperplasia

Question 32

characterized by resemblance to clay pipe such that it is named as pipe stem liver

Answer 32

Fibrosis and calcification in the bile ducts

Question 33

advanced confirmatory test for fasciolosis confirmation

Answer 33

serology and molecular techniques

Question 34

the drug of choice, it is active against immature and adult flukes.

Answer 34

triclabendazole

Question 35

Control points of fasciolosis

Answer 35

use of anthelmintics Control of the snail host Pasture management and other practical control methods

Question 36

known species of Fasciola in buck

Answer 36

f. tragelaphi

Question 37

known species of Fasciola in elephant

Answer 37

Fasciola jacksoni

Question 38

known species of Fasciola in hoppopotamus

Answer 38

Fasciola nyanzae