Fast Facts

Question 1

Most of the blood flow to the coronary arteries occurs during…

Answer 1

Diastole

Question 2

Breathing patterns do or do not affect blood flow?

Answer 2

They do not affect blood flow.

Question 3

Threshold cholesterol levels?

Answer 3

240mg/dl

Question 4

an ECG with ST elevation in V2, V3 and V4 suggests….

Answer 4

An anterior wall MI

Question 5

An ECG with ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF suggests…

Answer 5

Occlusion of the right coronary artery

Question 6

The right coronary artery supplies…

Answer 6

The right ventricle

Question 7

First step in adult victim CPR?

Answer 7

Compressions (not breaths)

Question 8

Outermost layer of the heart is called

Answer 8

The epicardium

Question 9

The epicardium is made up of…

Answer 9

Squamous epithelial cells overlying connective tissue

Question 10

The middle layer of the heart is called the

Answer 10

The Myocardium

Question 11

The myocardium is made up of…

It’s job is to…

Answer 11

Striated muscle fibers - cause the heart to contract

It forms most of the heart wall

Question 12

The innermost layer of the heart is called the…

Answer 12

Endocardium.

Question 13

Troponin levels are detectable how soon after an MI?

Answer 13

Within 1 hour

Question 14

What can lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes tell you?

Answer 14

Whether there’s been myocardial injury

Question 15

A fourth heart sound can be caused by

Answer 15

HTN or increased atrial contraction

Question 16

An anterior wall MI can result in a decrease in the function of ________

Answer 16

The left ventricle

Question 17

Pulmonic and tricuspid valve malfunction lead to…

Answer 17

…right heart failure

Question 18

Most common complication of MIs?

Answer 18

Arrythmias d/t oxygen deprivation

Question 19

Second most common complication of MIs?

Answer 19

Heart failure (pump fails)

Question 20

Can JVD result from an aortic aneurysm?

What about a pneumothorax?

Answer 20

No to both

Question 21

How to assess JVD?

Answer 21

HOB inclined 15-30 degrees.

Centimeter ruler to measure the distance to the point of highest pulsation.

Question 22

Does the radial pulse accurately depict the heart rate?

Answer 22

It can, but it can also be affected by cardiac and vascular disease, so the apical pulse is most accurate.

Question 23

Function of the aortic valve?

Answer 23

Prevents backflow from aorta into left ventricle

Question 24

Function of the pulmonic valve?

Answer 24

Prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle

Question 25

Function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 25

Prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium

Question 26

Most accurate area to assess dependent edema?

Answer 26

Sacral region

Question 27

Cause of oliguria in right-sided heart failure?

Answer 27

Liver gets damaged because of blood backup. As a result, it isn’t able to deactivate aldosterone. This causes fluid retention and oliguria.

Question 28

Select all that apply: Which of the following are associated with right-sided heart failure? ``` A. Nausea B. Weight gain C. Polyuria D. Oliguria E. Polydipsia F. Adequate urine output ```

Answer 28

A, B and D | Nausea, weight gain and oliguria

Question 29

Increased PR interval on an ECG indicates

Answer 29

1st degree AV block

Question 30

Why is the aorta distal to the renal arteries more prone to aneurysms than the proximal part?

Answer 30

It isn’t surrounded by stable structures

Question 31

Most common symptom of an AAA?

Answer 31

Abdominal pain

Question 32

What is an aortogram?

Answer 32

Contrast media injected into aorta in order to visualize abnormalities

Question 33

Are AAAs associated with arrythmias?

Answer 33

No, not directly.

Question 34

What side of the umbilicus does the aorta lie?

Answer 34

The left of the umbilicus

Question 35

Why is hypertension a risk factor for an aneurysm?

Answer 35

B/c the continuous pressure causes weakness in the vessel walls

Question 36

Is it more likely to have an aneurysm with HTN or atherosclerosis?

Answer 36

HTN (though both are possible)

Question 37

If you hear a bruit over an artery, what does it signify?

Answer 37

That there’s a partial occlusion of the vessel

Question 38

What is likely to happen to the BP when an aneurysm occurs?

Answer 38

BP will decrease (d/t hemorrhage)

Question 39

When an abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures, what symptoms are you likely to see?

Answer 39

Severe lower back pain Decreased BP Decreased RBCs Increased WBCs (migrating to site of injury)

Question 40

What does Marfan syndrome do to the aorta?

Answer 40

The elastic fibers degenerate

Question 41

Most common causes of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 41

Infection (viral/bacterial) | Effects of drugs/etch (cardiotoxic)