Fat

Question 1

Define triglyceride?

Answer 1

1 glycerol molecule esterified 3 fatty acid chains

Question 2

Name two cells where fat is stored?

Answer 2

1) Adipocytes
2) Hepatocytes

Question 3

What has double bond?

Answer 3

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 4

What has no double bond?

Answer 4

Saturated fatty acid (fully sat, no space)

Question 5

How do fats exist? (4)

Answer 5

1) Triglycerides
2) Cholesterol esters
3) Phospholipids
4) Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Question 6

Outline 5 functions of fat?

Answer 6

1) Energy reserve
2) Part of cell membranes
3) Inflammatory cascades
4) Hormone metabolism
5) Cholesterol backbone of adrenocorticoids and sex
hormones
Vit D

Question 7

What esterifies cholesterol in lipoprotein to form cholesterol acyltransferase? (2)

Answer 7

1) acyl-CoA
2) lecithin

Question 8

What organ processes cholesterol?

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

How much cholesterol is endogenous?
How much cholesterol is dietary?

Answer 9

Endogenous- 90%
Dietary- 10%

Question 10

How is cholesterol excreted?

Answer 10

Through bile
Enterophepatic circulation

Question 11

What carries TG and cholesterol through circulatory system?

Answer 11

Lipoprotein

Question 12

State function cholesterol? (3)

Answer 12

1) Maintain fluidity of cell membrane
2) Bile production
3) Hormone production

Question 13

How is most energy provided?

Answer 13

Oxidation lipids, carbs, proteins

Question 14

What order stores metabolised in?

Answer 14

1) Lipids
2) Carbohydrates
3) Proteins

Question 15

How many calories do lipids yield?

Answer 15

9-10 kcal/g

Question 16

What are bodies energy reserves? (4)

Answer 16

1) Blood glucose
2) Glycogen stores
3) Muscle protein
4) Lipid reserve

Question 17

Number calories and time for blood glucose?

Answer 17

40kcal- minutes

Question 18

Number calories and time for glycogen stores?

Answer 18

600kcal- day

Question 19

Number calories and time for muscle protein?

Answer 19

25,000kcal- 7-10 days

Question 20

Number calories and time for lipid reserve?

Answer 20

100,000kcal- 30-40 days

Question 21

What organ is main storage for glycogen?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What is structure of lipoprotein?

Answer 22

Core contains TGs and cholesterol-esters
Surface layer phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins

Question 23

What does protein:lipid ratio determine>

Answer 23

LDL/HDL/Chylomicrons

Question 24

Function chylomicrons?

Answer 24

Carry lipids from gut to muscle and adipose tissue

Question 25

What occurs to chylomicron remanants?

Answer 25

Taken up liver- receptor mediated endocytosis Recognition ApoE by hepatocyte surface receptors

Question 26

What has the lowest lipid to protein ratio?

Answer 26

HDL

Question 27

What is referred to as good cholesterol?

Answer 27

HDL

Question 28

What has highest lipid to protein ratio?

Answer 28

LDL

Question 29

Function of lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 29

Catalyse breakdown triglycerides into FFA (adipose tissue)

Question 30

What enzymes involved breakdown triglyceride to FFA?

Answer 30

Sensitive lipase

Question 31

Fat overview

Answer 31