Fat burning

Question 1

What is the definition of an Acyl

Answer 1

fatty acid attached to something

Question 2

Linoleic acid

Answer 2

18:2w6

Question 3

linolenic acid

Answer 3

18:3w3

Question 4

arachidonic acid

Answer 4

20:4w6

Question 5

EPA

Answer 5

20:5w3

Question 6

DHA

Answer 6

22:6w3

Question 7

palmitic acid

Answer 7

16:0

Question 8

stearic acid

Answer 8

18:0

Question 9

oleic acid

Answer 9

18:1w9

Question 10

where is the vast majority of TG’s stored

Answer 10

in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

Question 11

which fiber type stores 2-3 times more fat than the other

Answer 11

type 1 (aerobic) muscle fibers

Question 12

normal populations have _____ IMTG concentration and _______ insulin sensitivity

Answer 12

lower; moderate

Question 13

Athletes have___________ oxidative capacity, _______ concentrations of IMTG and ________ insulin sensitivity

Answer 13

elevated; higher; greater

Question 14

obese individuals have ________ IMTG concentration and ________ insulin sensitivity

Answer 14

higher; low

Question 15

TAG–> DAG

Answer 15

ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase)

Question 16

DAG–>MAG

Answer 16

HSL (Hormone sensitive lipase)

Question 17

MAG–>FFA

Answer 17

MGL (monoacylglycerol lipase)

Question 18

_______ energy charge prompts TAG breakdown

Answer 18

Low; because we want to make ATP

Question 19

low glycogen ________ fat burning

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

LCFA–>MAG

Answer 20

GPAT

Question 21

MAG–>DAG

Answer 21

AGPAT

Question 22

DAG–>TAG

Answer 22

DGAT

Question 23

what are the opposite of lipases

Answer 23

acyltransferases (GPAT, AGPAT, DGAT)

Question 24

Basal skeletal muscle LPL is _______ in trained versus non-trained individuals

Answer 24

higher

Question 25

what do lipoprotein lipases do?

Answer 25

break down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries and release FFA's into tissue

Question 26

energy charge of 0=

Answer 26

All AMP

Question 27

energy charge of 1=

Answer 27

All ATP

Question 28

What mobilizes the fat from TG form

Answer 28

Lipases

Question 29

what activates the fatty acid

Answer 29

Acyl CoA synthetase and pyrophosphatase

Question 30

what transports the FA into the matrix of the mitochondria?

Answer 30

CPT and Carnitine

Question 31

Explain Beta Oxidation

Answer 31

OHOT; O uses acyl CoA DH, H uses Enoyl CoA hydratase, O uses another CoA DH, T uses thiolase

Question 32

what stimulates lipolysis

Answer 32

epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH (cortisol)

Question 33

what inhibits lipolysis

Answer 33

insulin

Question 34

HSL is strongly inhibited by what

Answer 34

insulin

Question 35

What chaperone does a FA that is entering the muscle to be oxidized use

Answer 35

FABPc

Question 36

where is the FA activated?

Answer 36

outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 37

what is the rate-limiting step in fat burning?

Answer 37

CPT 1

Question 38

What are the products of Beta oxidation

Answer 38

FADH2 and NADH which will go to the ETS; Acetyl CoA enters the krebs cycle

Question 39

How many carbons shorter is the Acyl CoA each time you run Beta oxidation

Answer 39

2

Question 40

what are the two additional enzymes required for unsaturated fatty acid degradation

Answer 40

reductase and isomerase

Question 41

odd numbered double bonds use what enzyme

Answer 41

isomerase

Question 42

even numbered double bonds use what enzyme

Answer 42

reductase and isomerase

Question 43

an odd-chain FA gets degraded 2 by 2 just like an even chain FA but the difference is

Answer 43

they are left with propionyl CoA which gets converted into succinyl CoA and into the krebs

Question 44

how are hormones released

Answer 44

exercise or fasting

Question 45

what release fatty acids from TG's

Answer 45

lipases

Question 46

what does fat burning make

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

The most important lipase is

Answer 47

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

Question 48

inhibitors of fat burning

Answer 48

insulin, high energy charge (ATP), NADH or FADH2

Question 49

stimulators of fat burning

Answer 49

glucagon, low energy charge (AMP/ADP), NAD+ or FAD