Fat Burning Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

What is an acyl?

A

An organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the carboxylic hydroxyl group (fatty acid attached to something)

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2
Q

18:2w6

A

Linoleic acid

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3
Q

18:3w3

A

Linolenic acid

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4
Q

20:4w6

A

Arachidonic acid

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5
Q

20:5w3

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

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6
Q

22:6w3

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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7
Q

16:0

A

Palmitic acid

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8
Q

18:0

A

Stearic acid

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9
Q

18:1w9

A

Oleic acid

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10
Q

Triglycerides provide how much energy per gram?

A

9kcal

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11
Q

What state are triglycerides in (oxidized or reduced)?

A

Reduced (lots of electrons)

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12
Q

What is the association between water and triglycerides?

A

They are anhydrous (no water)

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13
Q

What is the state of short chain fatty acids at room temperature?

A

Liquid

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14
Q

What is the state of longer chain fatty acids at room temperature?

A

Solid

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15
Q

Where are the vast majority of TG stored?

A

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

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16
Q

What percentage of TG are stored in skeletal muscle fibers?

A

1-2%

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17
Q

What type of muscle fiber stores 2-3 times more fat?

A

Type I (aerobic)

18
Q

Type I muscle fibers are also abundant in…?

A

Lipid droplets and mitochondria

19
Q

What are fat storage depots scattered throughout skeletal muscle where lipid droplets may accumulate?

A

Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG)

20
Q

What is the association between IMTG and exercise?

A

Increased exercise (specific examples were cycling and weight lifting) = decreased IMTG

21
Q

What type of exercise quickly replenishes IMTG content without additional fat intake and occurs within two hours of exercise?

22
Q

What type of exercise is slow at replenishing IMTG content?

23
Q

Eating what type of food and how much can increase IMTG replenishing ability?

24
Q

Normal populations have what kind of IMTG concentration and insulin sensitivity?

A

Lower IMTG concentration and moderate insulin sensitivity

25
Athletes have what kind of oxidative capacity, IMTG concentration, and insulin sensitivity?
Elevated oxidative capacity, higher concentrations of IMTG, and greater insulin sensitivity
26
Obese individuals have what kind of IMTG concentration and insulin sensitivity?
Higher IMTG concentration and low insulin sensitivity
27
What type of enzyme is the opposite of a lipase?
Acyltransferase
28
What protein breaks down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries?
Lipoprotein lipase
29
What produces lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?
Muscle and fat cells
30
Where is the highest concentration of LPL?
Cardiac muscle
31
What effect does exercise have on LPL?
Increase in skeletal muscle LPL
32
What is the location of LPL?
Circulating in plasma
33
What are LPL levels like in trained individuals?
Basal skeletal muscle LPL is higher
34
What is the range of energy charge for most cells?
0.80-0.95
35
What stimulates lipolysis?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol
36
What inhibits lipolysis?
Insulin
37
What type of substance controls the regulation of lipases in lipolysis?
Hormones
38
What second messenger is activated by hormones to stimulate lipolysis in fat cells?
Cyclic AMP
39
What does it mean when a fatty acid is "activated"?
Fatty acid is turned into acyl CoA
40
Where is the fatty acid oxidized?
Mitochondria