Fat Metabolism During Exercise W3

Question 1

Where do fatty acids come from?

Answer 1

Blood stream
Triglycerides stored in muscle

Question 2

Where are fatty acids in the blood stream derived from?

Answer 2

Adipose Triglyceride stores

Question 3

What is the conversion of fatty Acyl-CoA?

Answer 3

Beta-oxidation

Question 4

What happens when there is increased fatty oxidation in the plasma?

Answer 4

Decrease in the breakdown of muscle triglycerides

Question 5

What happens when a drug is taken which blocks mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue?

Answer 5

Increased reliance on intra-muscular triglyceride stores

Question 6

What does blocking of fatty acid mobilisation from adipose tissue?

Answer 6

Increase glycogen utilisation due to reduced plasma fatty acid availability

Question 7

What are enzymes which breakdown triglycerides?

Answer 7

Lipases

Question 8

What are the 2 key lipases in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

ATGL
HSL

Question 9

What is ATGL?

Answer 9

Found in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Primarily involve in breaking down triglycerides

Question 10

What is HSL?

Answer 10

Regulated by key hormones
Attacks the diglycerides

Question 11

How does FFA uptake occur?

Answer 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 12

What are the different protein transporters for FA?

Answer 12

FABP
CD36
FATP

Question 13

What are the determinants of skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake during exercise?

Answer 13

Fatty acids
Muscle ability to oxidise
FA transporters
Carnitine, CPT activity
Beta-oxidative capacity

Question 14

What are FABP and CD36?

Answer 14

Fatty acid binding proteins

Question 15

What is FATP?

Answer 15

Fatty acid transport protein

Question 16

What are proteins involved in during fatty acid uptake?

Answer 16

Transporting the fatty acids across the sarcolemma, cytosol and mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

How does CD36 specifically transport fatty acids?

Answer 17

Carnitine
CPT enzyme

Question 18

What CD36 facilitate?

Answer 18

The mitochondrial entry of fatty acids to be oxidised

Question 19

What does beta-oxidation involve?

Answer 19

Converting fatty acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA

Question 20

What assists beta-oxidation?

Answer 20

HAD

Question 21

What does the amount of HAD determine?

Answer 21

Amount of fatty acid you can oxidise

Question 22

Where is HAD found?

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

What is the main role of carnitine?

Answer 23

To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria

Question 24

When is carnitine used?

Answer 24

When there is a large increase in rate of CHO utilisation and acetyl-CoA production

Question 25

What is the crossroad of CHO and Fat metabolism?

Answer 25

Carnitine

Question 26

What does carnitine increase when it becomes a buffer?

Answer 26

Acetyl Carnitine

Question 27

What does Acetyl Carnitine increase?

Answer 27

Acetyl-CoA

Question 28

What increases HAD?

Answer 28

Mitochondrial number in muscle

Question 29

What exercise intensity increases fat oxidation?

Answer 29

Moderate

Question 30

What exercise intensity decreases fat oxidation?

Answer 30

High

Question 31

What does the lowest exercise intensity heavily rely on?

Answer 31

Plasma FA Minor contribution from muscle triglyceride

Question 32

Why does fat oxidation reduce with increased exercise intensity?

Answer 32

Reduced plasma FA availability Reduced Carnitine availability Increased rate of glycogen breakdown Increased adrenaline Increased sympathetic nerve activation

Question 33

What does increases in an individual glycolytic flux inhibit?

Answer 33

CPT activity Mitochondrial uptake

Question 34

What happens post-exercise involving CHO?

Answer 34

CHO metabolism reduces Fat metabolism increases

Question 35

How is a increased in reliance of intramuscular triglycerides shown during exercise?

Answer 35

When the increase in fatty acid uptake is lower than increase in fat oxidation

Question 36

How does training effect muscle FA uptake during exercise?

Answer 36

Increases transport proteins in muscle Increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity Increases HAD

Question 37

Where does exercise training increase oxidation?

Answer 37

Blood plasma free fatty acids Intramuscular triglycerides

Question 38

What does increases in HAD and mitochondrial oxidative capacity drive?

Answer 38

Fatty acid uptake in contracting muscle

Question 39

What contributes to why regular exercises reduce body mass?

Answer 39

The increased stability of fat to be oxidised