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Nutrition > Fat-Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Fat-Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

fat soluble vitamins accumulate in ____ & _____ in body

A

liver

adipose

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins require ____ g FAT for bile secretion by ____

A

5-10 g fat

CCK

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3
Q

PREformed sources of vit A

A

dairy
fish
retinol esters

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4
Q

retinol is important for

A

reproduction

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5
Q

retinal is important for

A

vision

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6
Q

retinoic acid is important for

A 
immune system
cell differentiation (keratin to mucus)
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7
Q

retinol esters (RE) are digested by (2)

A

proteases

lipases

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8
Q

retinol esters are absorbed as

A

micelles

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9
Q

PROformed example of vit A is _____ which functions as ____

A

carotenoid

antioxidant

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10
Q

PROformed sources of vit A

A

carrots

tomatoes

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11
Q

if PROformed vit A is needed, one method is to break it, OXIDIZED to ______, transported by _____

A

retinoic acid

albumin

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12
Q

if PROformed vit A is needed, one method is to break and REDUCE to ______, bound by _____

A

retinol

CRBP

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13
Q

CRBP is reesterfied by ___ by ____ or packaged into _____

A

RE
LRAT
chylomicrons

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14
Q

50-80% of vit A is stored in _____ as ___, can be metabolized by ___ or ___

A

liver
retinol esters (RE)
LRAT
ARAT

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15
Q

if vit A is used from liver it is sent to PERIPHERAL tissue, which requires (2)

A

zinc

protein

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16
Q

HYPOvitaminosis A symptoms (6)

A 
night blindness
xerophthalmia
bitot's spots
decrease immunity
decrease sperm production
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17
Q

HYPERvitaminosis A symptoms (5)

A 
HA
double vision
bone fracture
birth defects
bone/joint pain
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18
Q

RDA recommendation for vit D

A

600 IU

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19
Q

amount of vit D needed to increase blood levels

A

100 IU/ 1 ng/mL

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20
Q

cholecalciferol is ____ form of vit D made in ___ from __ and ___

A

animal
skin
cholesterol
UVB

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21
Q

cholecaliferol (D3) made in the SKIN is transported by :

A

vitamin D binding protein

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22
Q

cholecaliferol(D3) is added to (2)

A

dairy

supplements

23
Q

D3 is absorbed in ______ and transported by ______ into ______

A

micelles
vit D binding protein
chylomicrons

24
Q

D3 is HYDROXYLATED by _____ in ___ or ___;

A

cytochrome P450
kidney
liver

25
Q

D3 stored in liver is called ____ and is ______

A

calcidiol

inactive (biomarker)

26
Q

D3 stored in kidney is called ____ and is ____

A

calcitriol

active

27
Q

_____ controls gene expression of calcium-binding proteins (calcium homeostasis) –> DECREASES _______ in KIDNEYS and INCREASES _______

differentiation of osteoclasts

A

calciteriol
Ca excretion
Ca absorption

28
Q

cytochrome P450 signals release of ___ which DECREASES ______

A

PTH

decreases calcium blood

29
Q

sources of vit D (2)

A

dairy

fish

30
Q

hypovitaminosis D in kids

A

rickets

31
Q

hypovitaminosis D in adults

A

osteomalacia

32
Q 
decrease skin synthesis
malabsorption
obesity
breast feeding
kidney/liver disease
A

causes of hypovitaminosis D

33
Q

(3) factors of decreased skin synthesis of vit D

A

sun screen
aging
melanin

34
Q

amount of vit D that people with malabsorption/obesity should take

A

1000-2000 IU

35
Q

lymphomas
sarcoidosis
TB
calcification of tissues

A

hypervitaminosis D

36
Q

tocopherols and tococtrienols are digested by _____

A

lipases

37
Q

tocopherols and tococtrienols and transported by _____

A

chylomicrons

38
Q

function if vit E is _____ located in _____

A

antioxidant

plasma membrane

39
Q

(3) sources of vit E

A

alpha-tocopherol
gamma-tocopherol
tocotrienols

40
Q

source of tocotrienol

A

oats

41
Q

sources of gamma-tocopherol

A

peanuts
corn oil
soybean oil

42
Q

sources of alpha-tocopherol

A 
almonds
olive oil (cold-pressed is better)
43
Q

2 symptoms of HYPOvitaminosis E

A

myopathy

peripheral neuropathy

44
Q

2 symptoms of HYPERvitaminosis E

A

excessive bleeding

fatigue

45
Q

deficiency of vit K is common in

A

new borns
malabs
chronic antibiotics

46
Q

___ toxicity of vit K

A

NO toxicity

47
Q

2 types of vit K

A

phylloqinone

menaquinone

48
Q

sources of phylloqinone

A

dark green leafy veggies

peanuts

49
Q

sources of menaquinone

A 
meat
LI bacteria (gut micro-biome)
50
Q

vit K is transported by

A

chylomicrons

51
Q

function of vit K is forming _______ required for _____ in ____ and ______

A

carboxyglutamates
Ca binding
clotting
blood formation

52
Q

most toxic fat-soluble vitamin

A

vit A

53
Q

only 2 fat soluble its that are digested

A

vit A & E

Nutrition (5 decks)

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