Trace Minerals

Question 1

amount of trace minerals/day

Answer 1

1-100 mg

Question 2

amount of UT minerals/day

Question 3

most common mineral deficiency in US

Answer 3

iron

Question 4

2 forms of iron

Answer 4

heme

nonheme

Question 5

form of iron that is more absorbed is _____ and is absorbed by ______

Answer 5

heme

facilitated diffusion

Question 6

sources of heme iron

Answer 6

beef

fish

Question 7

heme is absorbed by facilitated diffusion using ______ and released via ______

Answer 7

Hcp1

oxygenase

Question 8

iron transports in blood is

Answer 8

transferrin

Question 9

storage protein for iron

Answer 9

ferritin

Question 10

ferritin is found in (4)

Answer 10

enterocyte
spleen
liver
bone marrow

Question 11

iron functions (3)

Answer 11

O2 transport
cytochrome
synthesis of heme

Question 12

cytochrome important for iron function is

Answer 12

catalase

Question 13

name of iron deficiency

Answer 13

hypochromic microcytic anemia

Question 14

hypochromic microcytic anemia (3) symptoms

Answer 14

decrease immunity
pallor
fatigue

Question 15

iron toxicity is called _____ and symptom is _____

Answer 15

hemochromatosis

organ damage

Question 16

iron is transported out of enterocyte by ______ using ____

Answer 16

ferroprotein

copper

Question 17

(2) sources of nonheme iron

Answer 17

plants

supplements

Question 18

nonheme is absorbed by ______ using ____

Answer 18

facilitated diffusion

DMT (anything with +2 charge)

Question 19

nonheme is digested by _____ which requires _____

Answer 19

ferrireductase

vit C

Question 20

best source of zinc

Answer 20

oysters

Question 21

Zn toxicity

Answer 21

metallic taste

Question 22

Zn deficiency (3)

Answer 22

decrease taste
dermatitis
decrease immunity

Question 23

iron supplements decrease _____ absorption

Answer 23

zinc

Question 24

function of zinc is _____, especially ____ enzyme

Answer 24

folate digestion

conjugase

Question 25

zinc supplements interact with ______

Answer 25

folic acid

Question 26

groups at risk for iron deficiency (5)

Answer 26

``` 6 month- 2 y.o. boys 10-19 male runners women at child bearing age (10-44) female athletes ```

Question 27

iron deficiency is called ____ & | (3) symptoms

Answer 27

hypochromic microcytic anemia decrease immunity pallor fatigue

Question 28

zinc supplements interact with ______

Answer 28

folic acid

Question 29

function of copper (3)

Answer 29

ATP generation collagen crosslinking iron transport out of enterocyte (ferroprotein)

Question 30

copper is a cofactor in collagen crosslinking for ________

Answer 30

lysyl oxidase

Question 31

copper deficiency (3)

Answer 31

``` Menkes syndrome = genetic skin depigmentation (or hair depigmentation) decrease immunity ```

Question 32

copper toxicity is called ________ and a symptom is

Answer 32

Wilson's disease | Kayser-fleischer rings (copper rings around eyes)

Question 33

sources of fluoride

Answer 33

toothpaste | fluorinated water

Question 34

function of fluoride

Answer 34

decrease cavities

Question 35

deficiency of fluoride leads to (2)

Answer 35

osteoporosis | cavitities

Question 36

toxicity of fluoride is called ______ ; (2) symptoms

Answer 36

fluorosis bone pitting teeth modeling