Fatty acid Oxidation

Question 1

In terms of the energy breakdown of a TAG, where is the area of greatest/least energy?

Answer 1

Greatest: carbon-carbon chain

Least: the backbone

Question 2

True or false: the oxidation of fatty acids produces less atp than glycolysis.

Answer 2

False: FA oxidation produces more atp than glycolysis

Question 3

During the “activation” phase of FA oxidation, what is the key reaction that is occurring?

Answer 3

A fatty acid is being linked to a CoA molecule

Question 4

During the “transport” phase of FA oxidation, what happens here?

Answer 4

Carnitine attaches to the acyl-CoA molecule moving it across the cytoplasm of the mitochondria into the mito matrix

Question 5

What is the enzyme responsible for the rate limiting step of FA oxidation?

Answer 5

carnitine acyl transferase 1

Question 6

During the last step of FA oxidation, what molecule is regenerated?

Answer 6

Acetyl CoA

Question 7

What about malonyl CoA makes it a unique regulator of FA oxidation?

Answer 7

It is a substrate of FA synthesis as well. This means FA oxidation and FA synthesis are mutually exclusive processes that cannot occur at same time

Question 8

What dietary source of energy contains the most energy per gram (kcal/g)?

A. lipids
B. triglycerides
C. carbohydrates
D. proteins

Answer 8

B. triglycerides

Question 9

Order the events in the digestion and mobilization of dietary fats:

a. absorption/conversion into TAGs
b. Degredation by lipase
c. bile emulsification
d. incorporation into chylomicrons

Answer 9

Bile emulsification, degradation by lipase, absorption/conversion into TAGs, incorporation into chylomicrons

Question 10

What characteristic of lipoproteins determines their function?

A. size
B. homeostatic pH
C. molecular weight
D. density

Answer 10

Density

Question 11

How do the majority of fatty acids enter the outer membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 11

Via transferase facilitated entry of carnitine bound FAs

Question 12

From where are the nine essential amino acids utilized by humans derived?

A. Dietary protein and supplements
B. Supplements only
C. Dietary protein only

Answer 12

Dietary protein only; they’re essential so our body can already make them

Question 13

What chemical properties describe a free fatty acid molecule capable of producing the most energy when used as a fuel source, relative to other free fatty acids?

A. Short hydrocarbon tail with saturated bonds
B. Long hydrocarbon tail with more saturated bonds
C. Long hydrocarbon tail with more unsaturated bonds
D. Short hydrocarbon tail with more unsaturated bonds

Answer 13

Long tail with more saturated bonds