Fatty Acid & Protein Metabolism Flashcards
What the enzymes that break down fatty acids called?
Lipases
What is a fatty acid called once it is inside the cell?
It is repackaged into a chylomicron
How do chylomicrons get into the lymphatic vessels?
A. Via lacteals
B. Via chylomicron transporters
C. Via fatty acid symporters
Lacteals
What hormone produced in the pancreas activates fatty acid breakdown?
Insulin (promotes breakdown to form energy)
Where is the primary place where fatty acids are stored?
adipose cells
Of the 3 ways to get fatty acids into the bloodstream, describe the diet route.
Diet - TAGs - chylomicrons - bloodstream
Of the 3 ways to get fatty acids into the bloodstream, describe the adipose cell route.
Adipose cells - free FAs - bloodstream
Of the 3 ways to get fatty acids into the bloodstream, describe the liver route.
Liver - FAs - TAG - VLDL (exiting liver) - bloodstream
Acetyl CoA is needed for the building of a fatty acid but the mitochondria cannot shunt acetyl CoA across its membrane. How does the cell compensate?
Acetyl CoA is first converted into citrate then moved across the mito membrane into the cytoplasm of the cell where it is converted back to Acetyl-CoA.
What is the primary product of FA synthesis? Is this reaction coupled or uncoupled?
16 carbon palmitic acid; it is coupled with ATP hydrolysis
What is the rate limiting step for FA synthesis?
formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA and CO2
Allosterically, what molecule would activate FA synthesis?
Citrate
this molecule is putting more acetyl CoA into the cytoplasm and acetyl CoA is a key molecule for FA synthesis.
Hormonally, what molecule would activate FA synthesis?
A buildup of Insulin
this molecule triggers the breakdown of excess glucose which generates acetyl CoA
