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C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis > Features Of Genetic Code > Flashcards

Features Of Genetic Code Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 features does genetic code have?

A

Its degenerate, universal and non-overlapping.

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2
Q

What is the start codon?

A

The 3 bases at the start of every gene.

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3
Q

What are the start codons in DNA and mRNA?

A

TAC and AUG.

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4
Q

What is the function of the start codon?

A

It initiates translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

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5
Q

What is the stop codon?

A

The final triplet of bases in DNA that signals a halt to protein synthesis.

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6
Q

What is the function of the stop codon?

A

To mark the end of a polypeptide chain, causing the ribosomes to detach and stop translation.

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7
Q

How many amino acids does the genetic code have to be able to code for?

A

20

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8
Q

How many bases are needed to make enough combinations to code for at least 20 amino acids in DNA?

A

3 bases.

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9
Q

How many combinations is 4^3?

A

64

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10
Q

What does degenerate mean in genetic code?

A

Each of the 20 amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet of bases (codon).

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11
Q

Why is the genetic code being degenerate an advantage?

A

If a mutation occurs and a base is changed to another, it could still potentially code for the same amino acid.

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12
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

A mutation that has no effect on the final protein.

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13
Q

What does universal mean in genetic code?

A

The same triplet of bases codes for the same amino acid in all organisms.

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14
Q

Why is genetic code being universal an advantage?

A

It allows genetic engineering to be possible.

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15
Q

What does non-overlapping mean in genetic code?

A

Each base is only part of one triplet that codes for one amino acid, it reads as a discrete unit.

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16
Q

Why is genetic code being non-overlapping an advantage?

A

If a mutation occurs it will only affect one codon and one amino acid, having a small impact on the final protein structure.

17
Q

What are introns?

A

Sections of DNA that don’t code for amino acids.

18
Q

How much of DNA is made of introns?

A

About 98%.

19
Q

Where are introns found?

A

In eukaryotic DNA but not prokaryotic DNA or mRNA.

20
Q

What happens to introns in mRNA?

A

They get spliced out.

21
Q

What are exons?

A

Sections of DNA that do code for amino acids.

22
Q

What is a genome?

A

An organism’s complete set of DNA in one cell.

23
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The full range of proteins in one cell.

24
Q

What is the difference between the genome of the cell and the proteome of the cell?

A

The genome should never change, whereas the proteome of the cell is constantly changing depending on the proteins currently needed.

25
Q

What widely varies between organisms?

A

The genome.

26
Q

How many base pairs does DNA have?

A

3 billion.

27
Q

How many base pairs does bacteria have?

A

600,000

C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis (4 decks)

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