Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are proteins created on?

A

Ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and translation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is transcription?

A

Where on gene on the DNA is copied into mRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

In the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does transcription occur?

A

So DNA doesn’t leave the nucleus and get damaged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first step of transcription?

A

The DNA helix unwinds to expose the 2 strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to one strand from the unwinded helix in transcription?

A

It acts as a template to make mRNA as its single stranded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the unwinding of the DNA helix catalysed by?

A

DNA helicase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the DNA helicase do in transcription?

A

It breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens after DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds in transcription?

A

Free mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus align opposite exposed complimentary bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the last step of transcription?

A

DNA polymerase bonds together the mRNA nucleotides to create a new RNA polymer chain (a gene).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the mRNA chain once its copied?

A

It’s modified and then leaves the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is modified into mRNA?

A

Pre-mRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is pre-mRNA modified into mRNA?

A

Its introns are spliced out by a protein called spliceosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is translation?

A

Where mRNA attaches to a ribosome, and corresponding tRNA molecules bring the specific amino acid the codon codes for, creating a polypeptide chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the first step of translation?

A

The modified mRNA attaches to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

17
Q

Where does the ribosome attach to on the mRNA molecule in translation?

A

The start codon.

18
Q

What does the tRNA molecule with the complimentary anticodon do in translation?

A

Aligns opposite the mRNA, held in place by the ribosome.

19
Q

What does the ribosome do after tRNA has aligned opposite mRNA in translation and why?

A

It moves along the mRNA to enable another complimentary base to attch to the next codon on the mRNA.

20
Q

What do amino acids join by?

A

A peptide bond.

21
Q

What is a peptide bond catalysed by and what does the reaction require?

A

An enzyme, and ATP.

22
Q

When does the ribosome stop moving down the mRNA molecule?

A

When it reaches the stop codon at the end of mRNA.

23
Q

What does the ribosome do when it reaches the stop codon?

A

It detaches from mRNA.

C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions