Features of Science Flashcards
What is a paradigm?
A shared set of beliefs or assumptions based around a scientific hypothesis.
Why is psychology classed as a pre science?
There are too many different theories or approaches (ie no paradigm)
What is a paradigm shift?
When there is too much contradictory evidence against the original theory, the underlying theory changes, leading to a scientific revolution and therefore a paradigm shift.
What is a theory?
A general set of principles or beliefs that explain an event or behaviour.
What is theory construction?
The formation of an explanation for behaviour by systematically gathering data to support the idea, then creating a coherent account
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?
Theories must only produce hypothesis that can be scientifically tested. Allows a theory to be falsified.
What is falsifiability?
The principle that a theory cannot be considered scientific unless it admits the possibility of being untrue.
What is the process of devising a new hypothesis from an existing theory called?
Deduction
What is replicability?
The extent to which scientific procedures and findings can be repeated by other researchers.
Why is validity important?
So findings can be generalised.
What is objectivity?
Where sources of personal bias are minimised to ensure that the research process is not distorted.
What is the empirical method?
Developing scientific approaches through direct observation and experience.
