Feb2 M3-Anatomy Lecture 4 Flashcards by Django E.

spleen 1x3x5x7x9x11 rule

size is 1x3x5 inches
weight is 7 oz
position is between 9th and 11th rib

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of abd region where spleen is + anterior and posterior structure

left hypochondriac region
A: splenic flexure of the colon
P: diaphragm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

relationship of organs and mesentery near spleen in primitive embryonic stage

anterior to posterior: liver, stomach, spleen, aorta. all peritoneal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

relationships of organs near the spleen in adults and how lesser sac is formed

intraperitoneal: spleen goes to the left. stomach a bit anterior. liver to the right. tail of pancreas
retroperitoneal: pancreas (head and neck), aorta, ..

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ligament connecting the spleen to the back wall (of abd wall)

splenorenal (or lienorenal) ligament: between kidney and pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ligament connecting spleen at the front

gastrosplenic ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ventral mesentary connecting the liver to the umbilicus

falciform ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 surfaces of the spleen + 3 impressions

diaphragmatic surface (outer)
visceral surface (inner): renal impression, colic impression and gastric impression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ligament that supports the spleen but that doesn’t connect to it

phrenicocolic ligament (between diaphragm and colon)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 ligaments that support the spleen: components and composition

lienorenal and gastrosplenic (contain vessels and CT)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

splenic artery vs splenic vein

splenic a.: curly, sup border of pancreas

splenic v: straight. middle back of pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 veins forming portal vein

splenic vein, SMV, IMV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

splenomegaly def and causes

enlargement of the spleen. back pressure from portal htn or spleen working too hard (hemolytic anemia) or infiltration from leukemia or lymphoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 functions of the spleen

storage of RBCs
destruction of worn-out RBCs
Removal of foreign material from the blood
Production of mononuclear leukocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organs that take over the spleen when it’s removed

liver and bone marrow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pancreas head relations + special portion

is in curve of D2. posterior: IVC and bile duct
anterior: SMA and SMV
uncinate process: elongation to the left

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common bile duct is junction of what

cystic duct from gallbladder and common hepatic duct in the liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where common bile duct and main pancreatic duct join and name of region where they’re joined before entering D2

in head of the pancreas
hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name of sphincter and name of opening where hepatopancreatic ampulla opens in D2

sphincter of Oddi

major duodenal papilla

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sphincter of Oddi (or sphincter of ampulla) composition

muscular valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in people with extra pancreatic duct, name of the duct + name of opening

accessory pancreatic duct (or duct of Santorini)

- minor duodenal papilla

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blood supply to the pancreas (each part)

head: ant and post superior PD a. + ant and post inferior PD a.
neck: dorsal pancreatic a
body and tail: splenic a. and transverse pancreatic a.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 surfaces of the liver and what covers them

diaphragmatic = top, visceral peritoneum on it

visceral surface = bottom, visceral peritoneum on it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bare area intra or retroperitoneal + what defines it

retroperitoneal. area in back of liver not covered with perit. bc greater sac stopped on one side and lesser sac stopped on other side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

falciform ligament function

attaches the liver to the anterior body wall

ligamentum teres hepatis: meaning in english, what it comes from and where it is

round ligament of the liver. remnant of fetal umbilical veins. hangs down falciform ligament

what traverses the bare area and what surrounds it

traversed by IVC and esophagus | surrounded by coronary ligament

coronary ligament of the liver def

parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

3 ligaments in the liver extending from the coronary ligament

- right triangular ligament - left triangular ligament - falciform ligament

if lift the liver at the front and flip it upwards to see the visceral surface, what forms the H shape

right arm: gallbladder (top) and IVC (bottom) but reversed IRL left arm: ligamentum teres (top) and ligamentum venosum bottom but reversed IRL

4 lobes of the liver surrounding the H shape

right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe (top) and caudate lobe (bottom) but reversed IRL

trick for remembering caudal vs quadrate lobe

Caudate is near inferior vena Cava (two Cs)

porta hepatis def

middle of H shape: hepatic ducts and branches of portal vein and hepatic artery

ligamentum venosus origin

ductus venosus shunting portion of left umb vein blood directly to IVC (to allow O2 blood from placenta to bypass liver)

anatomical vs functional separation of the left and right lobes of the liver

anatomical: -separated at falciform ligament and lig teres hepatis - functional: separated at gallbladder and IVC

functional segments of the liver: what separates them

hepatic veins cut between the segments vertically. and vein cutting liver in 2 horizontally

functional segments of liver in right lobe ( right of IVC)

top row: 7-8 | bottom row: 6-5

functional segments of liver in left lobe (left of IVC)

1 in the back top row: 4a and 2 bottom row: 4b and 3

3 parts of gallbladder + where it empties

fundus, body and neck. empties in cystic duct at bottom

visible portion of cystic duct on radiology + function

spiral valve. helps keep the duct open

gallbladder function

stores bile produced by the liver that backs up in GB when sphincter of Oddi is shut

portal triad and their relations

- portal vein in the back - front left: proper hepatic artery - front right: bile duct

the portal triad is found in which structure

hepatoduodenal ligament

what branches lead to forming the bile duct (common bile duct)

- right and left hepatic ducts form common hepatic duct | - common hepatic duct (left) + cystic duct (right) join to make common bile duct

names of the 3 hepatic veins

right hepatic vein, middle HV and left HV

name of veins that do the same thing as azygos and hemiazygos but below subcostal vein (T12)

ascending lumbar veins give 4 lumbar veins on each side of the IVC that enter the IVC

location of the 4 lumbar veins (superior and inferior limits)

superiorly, lumbar vein 1 at level of renal vein | inferiorly, lumbar vein 4 before IVC divides in right and left common iliac v.

lumbar veins in abdomen are equivalent to what in thorax

intercostal veins

4 portocaval anastomoses (locations)

1. esophageal 2. paraumbilical 3. rectal 4. retroperitoneal

esophageal portocaval anastomosis

venous blood can go to portal system or to azygos vein

paraumbilical portocaval anastomosis

at the superficial abdomen level near ligamentum teres + on body wall, blood may go to portal system or superior epigastric vein

rectal portocaval anastomosis (no exam Q on that in GI)

middle and inferior rectum drain in caval system not portal like superior rectum

retroperitoneal portocaval anastomosis

ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal and blood goes to IVC

how esophageal portocaval anastomosis may manifest clinically

can get esophageal varices and spit blood if they rupture bc buildup from portocaval htn

how paraumbilical portocaval anastomosis may manifest clinically

from portal htn, can get backup of venous blood in umbilical region

type of innervation on front (abd) wall

somatic

splanchnic nerve 3 divisions and spinal origins + what nervous system

SS. greater splanchnic: T5-T9 lesser splanchnic: T10-T11 least splanchnic: T12

how SS nerves get to organs in abdomen

follow blood vessels (initially aorta)

how SS postganglionic nerves get to stomach, intestine + colon and also lower GI

to stomach: follow celiac trunk to intestine and colon: follow SMA to lower GI tract: follow IMA

name of 3 MAIN ganglia the SS system synapses on in the GI tract

celiac ganglion superior mesenteric ganglion inferior mesenteric ganglion

how PSS pregang fibers get to their organs

follow vagus nerve

where are the ganglia for the PSS system in GI tract + can they be located

can't be seen bc synapses occur in the organs

PSS innervation below intestines and why

through pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 to S4) bc vagus doesn't get below intestines

SS innervation below intestines and origin

sacral splanchnic nerves (L5, S1, S2, S3) from SS chain

GI PSS innervation (2 components) + how fibers get to organs

- vagus nerve (esophagus to proximal 2 thirds of transverse) - pelvic splanchnic nerve (distal third of transverse until rectum) - pre-gangl fibers use vessels to get to organs

GI organ with no PSS innervation

spleen

SS innervation, nerves and corresponding ganglia + how fibers get to organs

- thoracic splanchnic (greater to celiac gang., lesser and least to aorticorenal gangl) - lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-2) to sup and inf mesenteric glanglia. - POST gangl fibers use vessels to get to organs

lumbar splanchnic nerves spinal origin

L1-L2

PSS innervation to the stomach and analogy to esophagus

posterior vagal trunk (was right vagus n. in thorax) and anterior vagal trunk (was left vagus n. in thorax)

stomach orientation compared to esophagus

rotated 90 degrees to the right compared to esophagus

Feb2 M3-Anatomy Lecture 4 Flashcards

(70 cards)