Feed Additives and Supplements

Question 1

added to rations to improve health, metabolism, feed
acceptance, or even as a growth stimulator. Most importantly, provide specific nutrient to the animal.

Answer 1

Nutritive feed ingredients

Question 2

These are preservatives that prevent the autoxidation of fats (rancidity).

Answer 2

Antioxidants

Question 3

Antioxidants help to keep feed, flours, premixes, and animal fats fresh and healthy, allowing them to be stored for longer periods of time because?

Answer 3

because antioxidants protect them from oxidative deterioration, preserving their sensory characteristics and preventing rancidity and discoloration.

Question 4

________ ______ can weaken dairy cattle to several diseases and metabolic disorders during lactation.

Answer 4

Oxidative stress

Question 5

are really important for keeping livestock healthy, especially when it comes to their growth, production, reproduction, and immunity.

Answer 5

Vitamins

Question 6

support tissue structure development and
maintenance.

Answer 6

Fat-soluble vitamins (dissolve in fats)

Question 7

especially the B vitamins, are
essential for metabolic processes (acting as co-enzymes).

Answer 7

Water-soluble vitamins (dissolve in water)

Question 8

help animals keep a healthy level of ________ and vitamins in their body tissues. This is important for basic functions, producing things like milk and meat, supporting the growth of a fetus, and maintaining fertility (the animal’s ability to reproduce).

Answer 8

Mineral feed supplements

Question 9

Recognized as a fundamental requirement for the correct functioning of the organism. These elements are present in all body cells to fulfill different metabolic functions.

Answer 9

Mineral

Question 10

are live microorganisms that, when given in sufficient amounts, provide health benefits to the host.

Answer 10

Probiotics

Question 11

They help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, improve digestion, boost the immune system, and may reduce the risk of certain diseases.

Answer 11

Probiotics

Question 12

are non-digestible components that support the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria.

Answer 12

Prebiotics

Question 13

They act as food for probiotics,
promoting their development and function.

Answer 13

Prebiotics

Question 14

Common sources of prebiotics include:

Answer 14

dietary fibers such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides.

Question 15

is of the most common probiotics used in
ruminant nutrition, and in prebiotics plants high in inulin such as chicory root is used.

Answer 15

Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Question 16

Used to prevent fungal (mold) growth in stored feed ingredients and mixed feeds

Answer 16

Antifungals

Question 17

reduces palatability and may produce mycotoxins

Answer 17

Molds

Question 18

is an effective antifungal agent and has the advantage of
supplying an essential nutrient

Answer 18

Phosphoric acid

Question 18

increases the density of the feed, often resulting in increased feed intake and improved growth and feed efficiency.

Answer 18

Pellet Binders

Question 19

It reduces feed wastage and eliminates sorting of ingredients by animals, reduces dust and increases ease of feed handling.

Answer 19

Pellet Binders

Question 20

These are used to increase the acceptance of diets low in palatability, increase the intake of palatable diets and increase the intake of diets during periods of stress

Answer 20

Feed Flavors

Question 21

are used in ruminant diets to aid in adaptation from high roughage to high concentrate diets and prevent lactic acidosis

Answer 21

Buffers

Question 22

have beneficial effects on growth, feed efficiency and incidence of enteric disease

Answer 22

Zeolites

Question 23

are antibiotics widely used for cattle, including monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, lysocline and narasin. These compounds are used as coccidiostats in poultry.

Answer 23

Ionophores

Question 24

Ionophores are the main?

Answer 24

methane inhibitors used in practice

Question 25

they are used for the modification of gut microbes and stimulation of intestinal immune system

Answer 25

Oligosaccharides

Question 26

These are used to prevent postweaning diarrhea (scours)

Answer 26

Acidifiers (Organic Acids)

Question 27

Substances that increase the production and secretion of saliva

Answer 27

Salivation Inducers

Question 28

A synthetic progesterone that suppresses estrus and improves weight and feed efficiency in feedlot heifers.

Answer 28

Melengestrol acetate (MGA)

Question 29

They are norepinephrine analogs that stimulate β-adrenergic receptors

Answer 29

Beta-Adrenergic Agents (Repartitioning Agents)

Question 30

are called repartitioning agents because they result in a repartitioning of nutrients from fat to protein synthesis, causing increased muscle mass and decreased body fat

Answer 30

Beta-Adrenergic Agents (Repartitioning Agents)

Question 31

These are natural metabolites of fungi that inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer 31

Antibiotics

Question 32

used as growth promotants are fed at lower levels (subtherapeutic levels) than when they are used for the treatment or prevention of disease

Answer 32

Antibiotics

Question 33

Used to improve animal performance

Answer 33

Saponins

Question 34

Added to the feed for the treatment and/or prevention of disease or internal parasites

Answer 34

Drugs

Question 35

commonly used in feeds include worming agents (phenothiazine, dichlorvos piperazine) and coccidiostats (monensin, amprolium, sulfaquinoxaline)

Answer 35

Drugs

Question 36

These substances are primarily used for the control of ammonia

Answer 36

Environmentally Active Substance

Question 37

Compounds that stimulate an animal’s immune system, resistance to microbial effect

Answer 37

Immunomodulators

Question 38

These are red and yellow carotenoid pigments that are important in poultry nutrition because they are deposited in egg yolk and body fat,producing yellow pigmentation of eggs and of the skin and shanks of broiler

Answer 38

Xantophyll

Question 39

identifies the nutrients that are deficient or adequate in the feed to meet the nutritional requirements necessary for animal growth, lactation, and other functions. During this process, different types of feeds are combined to ensure they meet the specific needs of the animal (Erickson, 2021).

Answer 39

Feed Analysis

Question 40

One of the most well-known methods of feed analysis is?

Answer 40

Proximate Analysis

Question 41

This method is divided into six components: water, ash, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and crude fiber.

Answer 41

Proximate Analysis

Question 42

measures the fat and oil content in feed using a Soxhlet apparatus, consisting of an extractor, condenser, and a flask.

Answer 42

Ether Extract

Question 43

Crude protein is measured by determining the?

Answer 43

nitrogen content of the feed and multiplying it by 6.25, assuming proteins contain approximately 16% nitrogen.

Question 44

involves digestion, distillation, and titration of the sample to determine nitrogen.

Answer 44

Kjeldahl method

Question 45

which includes soluble carbohydrates and other digestible non-nitrogenous substances, is calculated by subtracting the total percentages of moisture, crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and ash from 100.

Answer 45

NFE

Question 46

refer to a variety of methods used in chemical analysis and synthesis that involve the use of liquid solutions.

Answer 46

Traditional wet chemistry techniques

Question 47

This is a quantitative analytical method used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution.

Answer 47

Titration

Question 48

This technique separates solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows only the fluid to pass through.

Answer 48

Filtration

Question 49

This method involves causing a solid to form in a solution during a chemical reaction.

Answer 49

Precipitation

Question 50

This technique separates components in a mixture based on their boiling points. The mixture is heated until one or more components vaporize, and then the vapor is cooled and condensed back into liquid form.

Answer 50

Distillation

Question 51

This process separates compounds based on their solubility in different solvents. It is often used to isolate specific substances from complex mixtures.

Answer 51

Extraction

Question 52

refers to the analytical technique of using near-infrared radiation to analyze samples for compositional or characteristic traits.

Answer 52

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy or NIR

Question 53

is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum that has unique properties which make it very useful for characterizing materials.

Answer 53

NIR

Question 54

determines the level of nutrients present such as proteins, fats, fibers and carbohydrates to ensure that the formulations of the feed meets the specific dietary requirements for different animals.

Answer 54

NIR