Feeding and weight control

Question 1

what causes weight gain

Answer 1

food intake

Question 2

what causes weight loss

Answer 2

energy output

Question 3

what contributes to expended energy (3)

Answer 3

basal metabolism, physical activity, adaptive thermogenesis

Question 4

how does food contribute to obesity (4)

Answer 4

palatable, cheap, accessible, heavily marketed

Question 5

How do genetics contribute to obesity (3)

Answer 5

FTO, DRD2 Taq (A1 allele), MC4R

Question 6

what % of BMI genetic contribution

Answer 6

45-80%

Question 7

How does environment contribute to obesity (11)

Answer 7

early life stress, maternal diet, weight, smoking, chronic stress, lifestyle, physical activity, sleep deprivation, socioeconomic status, medication

Question 8

peptides that increase food uptake (6)

Answer 8

Neuropeptide Y, MCH (melanin concentrating hormone), AgRP (agouti related peptide), Orexin A/B, endocannabinoids, ghrelin

Question 9

which peptides decrease food uptake (10)

Answer 9

alpha MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone), CART, Urocortin, corticotropin releasing hormone, serotonin, oxytocin, leptin, insulin, cholecystokinin, amylin

Question 10

NTS

Answer 10

nucleus of the solitary tract

Question 11

POA

Answer 11

preoptic area

Question 12

PVN

Answer 12

paraventricular nucleus

Question 13

DMN

Answer 13

dorsomedial hypothalamus

Question 14

ARC

Answer 14

arcuate nucleus

Question 15

rRPa

Answer 15

rostra raphe pallidus

Question 16

what does the NTS do (3)

Answer 16

decrease food intake, increase energy expenditure, stimulate PVN

Question 17

what contributes to energy expenditure

Answer 17

BAT

Question 18

what is BAT

Answer 18

brown adipose tissue

Question 19

what does the GI tract produce (4)

Answer 19

GLP1, CCK, peptide YY, ghrelin

Question 20

what does GLP1 act on (2)

Answer 20

ARC and NTS

Question 21

what does CCK, peptide YY and ghrelin act on

Answer 21

NTS

Question 22

how does CCK, peptide YY and ghrelin act

Answer 22

vagus nerve

Question 23

what does the pancreas produce

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

what does insulin act on

Answer 24

ARC

Question 25

what does WAT produce

Answer 25

leptin

Question 26

WAT

Answer 26

white adipose tissue

Question 27

what does leptin act on

Answer 27

ARC and NTS

Question 28

what does blood carry (2)

Answer 28

glucose and fatty acids

Question 29

what does glucose and fatty acids act on

Answer 29

ARC

Question 30

what makes up ARC (2)

Answer 30

AgRP and POMC

Question 31

what does AgRP inhibit and POMC stimulate

Answer 31

PVN

Question 32

what does the PVN stimulate

Answer 32

NTS

Question 33

what does the POA stimulate

Answer 33

DMN

Question 34

what does the DMN stimulate

Answer 34

rRPA

Question 35

what does the rRPa stimulate

Answer 35

energy expenditure

Question 36

how does the rRPa stiumulate energy expenditure

Answer 36

ANS

Question 37

ANS

Answer 37

autonomic nervous system

Question 38

where is ghrelin primarily synthesised

Answer 38

stomach

Question 39

what is plasma ghrelin levels inversely proportional to

Answer 39

BMI

Question 40

what happens to ghrelin preprandial

Answer 40

rise

Question 41

what happens to ghrelin post prandial

Answer 41

decrease

Question 42

ghrelin is key in

Answer 42

meal initiation

Question 43

ghrelin receptor

Answer 43

GSHR 1a

Question 44

where is GSHR1a primarily located

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

mouse with leptin defficiency

Answer 45

ob/ob

Question 46

leptin binding to leptin receptors in the brain produces

Answer 46

neuropeptides

Question 47

leptos

Answer 47

thin

Question 48

what does leptin do

Answer 48

inform brain of fat energy stores

Question 49

where are long leptin receptor isoforms located

Answer 49

hypothalamus

Question 50

where are long and short leptin receptor isoforms located

Answer 50

peripheral tissue

Question 51

long leptin receptor isoform

Answer 51

LepRb

Question 52

what is leptin levels proportional to

Answer 52

BMI

Question 53

obesity is a state of what resistance

Answer 53

leptin

Question 54

what can cause leptin resistance (2)

Answer 54

signalling/trafficking issues, BBB issues

Question 55

BBB

Answer 55

blood brain barrier

Question 56

how does leptin inhibit food intake

Answer 56

CNS