Feline Diabetes Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

How does feline diabetes differ from canine diabetes

A

cats can have lesions on islet cells, amyloid deposits, and changes in their beta cells

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2
Q

are cats more likely to have type 1 or type 2 diabetes

A

type 2 diabetes

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3
Q

List the clinical signs of DM in cats

A

PUPD
weight loss
polyphagia
anorexia
lethargy
DKA
V/D
plantigrade stance
+/- pancreatitis/triaditis

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4
Q

Describe treatment of DM in cats

A

diet changes
insulin supplementation
oral hypoglycaemics

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5
Q

why is DM remission in cats an unpredictable state

A

they can flit inbetween hypo and hyper glycaemia, leading to massive instability

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6
Q

why is DKA common in cats

A

DKA can occur from stress in cats, with or without diabetes

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7
Q

How can we tell if a cat has diabetes or if it was just stressed at the time of the sample

A

Using fructosamine

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8
Q

signalment of cats with diabetes

A

cats over 7 years old
mainly males

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9
Q

List 4 things that can increase the risk of diabetes in cats

A

obesity
indoor/inactive cats
glucocorticoids
progestagens

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10
Q

What is a plantigrade stance

A

standing and walking with the hocks on or almost touching the floor

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11
Q

Describe how type 1 diabetes occurs

A

a deficiency of insulin due to loss of beta cells

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12
Q

List 6 conditions that can cause type 1 DM in cats

A

chronic pancreatitis +/- EPI
pancreatic amyloidosis
glucose toxicity
immune mediated disease
congenital issues

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13
Q

what can cause type 2 diabetes in cats

A

an inability to respond to insulin

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14
Q

Describe how type 1 diabetes can develop into type 2 diabetes

A

inflammatory mediators may contribute to insulin resistance

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15
Q

what are the consequences of persistant hyperglycaemia in cats

A

fat mobilisation is favoured leading to hepatic lipidosis, hepatomegaly, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertryglyceridaemia, increased catabolism

can lead to ketonaemia, ketonuria and a DKA

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16
Q

what is triaditis

A

liver disease
pancreatitis
IBD

17
Q

Describe how we diagnose diabetes in cats

A

USG
glucosuria
fructosamine

18
Q

List 6 possible diffferentials for glucosuria in cats

A

Common:
- DM
- Stress

Rare:
- Renal tubular disease
- Fanconi syndrome
- Primary renal glucosuria
- Nephrotoxin exposure

19
Q

what can we do to encourage weight loss in cats

A

wet food to reduce calorie intake
encourage movement
puzzle feeding

20
Q

Describe the ideal diet for a diabetic cat

A

high protein
restricted carbs
wet formulation

21
Q

why is high protein good for diabetic cats

A

normalises fat metabolism and provides a consistent energy source
limits hepatic lipidosis risk
prevents loss of lean muscle mass

22
Q

why is restricted carbohydrate diet good for diabetic cats

A

helps relieve tendency to hyperglycaemia and glucose toxicity

23
Q

when starting insulin dosing, how often should we check blood glucose

A

every 2-4 hours

24
Q

how soon should we review insulin doses

A

5-14 days after treatment begins

25
List 2 indicators of diabetic remission
hypoglycaemia despite low dose insulin no glucosuria
26
why are oral hypoglycaemics rarely used in cats
they can contribute to the progression of DM and pancreatic amyloidosis
27
What is the prognosis for a cat with DM
13-29 months on insulin therapy
28
what can persistant absence of glucose in the urine of a diabetic cat indicate
hypoglycaemia - insulin overdose or diabetic remission
29
what can ketonuria indicate in cat
DKA
30
what can blood or change in pH of urine indicate in cat
UTI
31
List 4 likely causes of unstable diabetes in cats
compliance issues UTI pancreatitis significant dental disease
32
why is hypoglycaemia diagnosed less in cats than dogs
cats mask the signs of hypoglycaemia better compared to dogs
33
List the clinical signs of hypoglycaemia
lethargy muscle tremors anorexia vomiting ataxia recumbency vocalisation seizure
34
Describe the immediate treatment for hypoglycaemia
rub glucose or honey on the oral mucous membranes, feed ASAP dextrose bolus + CRI in clinic