Feline Infectious Disease

Question 1

What common Protozoa in cats?

Answer 1

• Trichomonas
• Giardia
• Toxoplasma gondii
• Babesia & leishmania (outside UK)

Question 2

What is common Fungal dx?

Answer 2

• Dermatophytosis
• Aspergillus
• Cryptococcus
• E.cuniculi

Question 3

Bacterial causes of infectious dx in cats?

Answer 3

• Chlamydia felis
• E.Coli
• Pasteurella multocida
• Bordatella bronchiseptica
• Campy, slotridia, slamonella
• Staph/strep
• MycoB

Question 4

Virus causes of infectious dx?

Answer 4

• FHV
• FCV
• Coronavirus
• FIV
• FeLV
• Panleukopaenia
• Rabbies

Question 5

What helminths do cats get?

Answer 5

Lungworm
Dirofilaria

Question 6

What does Cat Flu Include?

Answer 6

FHV & FCV
Chlamydia felis ; Bordetella bronchiS ; Mycoplasma spp

common in kittens, secondary bact infections

Question 7

CLs of Cat Flu?

Answer 7

• blepherospasm, nasal discharge, drooling (oral ulcers), open mouth
• HERPES = resp dx, skin dx, chronic nasal dx, ocular dx

Question 8

Describe the FHV virus

Answer 8

DNA virus
Single serotype & little variation
Highly infectious
Transmission via oronasal route

Question 9

Describe FCV virus

Answer 9

RNa virus
Single serotypes but variation between isolates

Question 10

what can ‘cat flu’ be inactivated by?

Answer 10

By BLEACH

Question 11

What most common transmission cat flu?

Answer 11

comonly with contact of clinical case
less common asymptomatic carrier
not common with fomites

Question 12

shedding with herpes?

Answer 12

carriers common - hiding in nerves (trigeminal)
intermittent shedding reactivation with stress

(infectious to other cats when shedding)

Question 13

Response variation in herpes presentation?

Answer 13

• Chronic clinical signs
• depends on immune system

Question 14

testing for herpes virus?

Answer 14

PCR (but doesnt prove is cause/ cross reaction with vaccination strains)

Question 15

Describe calicivirus

Answer 15

• shedding intermittent
• • lifelong carriers uncommon
• • acute & chronic dx
• detect with PCR

Question 16

Signs of Cilicivirus?

Answer 16

SORE THORAT
- Resp dx
- Oral lesions
- Limping syndromes
- Variants causing fatal systemic dx
- Chornic gingivostomatitis?

Question 17

Chronic results of FHV?

Answer 17

Corneal diseases
Herpes dermatitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Polyps
Laryngeal disease
NP stenosis

Question 18

Tx for catflu?

Answer 18

Antivirals -> Famciclovir (££££)
Nutrition-> Feeding tubes
Nursing care
Analgesia
Nebulisation

Question 19

Vaccination & cat flu?

Answer 19

Doesn’t prevent infection
Doesn’t prevent carriers
Does reduce clinical disease
Does reduce shedding

Question 20

Prevention of Cat flu?

Answer 20

• stress & overcrowding (stress = shedding & dx)
• Breeding environments (quarantine protocols, avoid queen withhistory of flu, remove carriers, regular vacc to maximise MDI)
• Catteries & clinics -> hygiene & separation of cats

Question 21

Describe Feline Panleukopaenia

Answer 21

• sudden death
• GI signs
• congenital cerebellar damage
• <50% survive
• Outbreaks in unvaccinated cats

Question 22

wha else to know about feline panleukopaenia?

Answer 22

• Infectious in environment fornmonths
• vaccines provide lasting immunity
• Can titre test

Question 23

Desc

Describe FIV & FeLV

Answer 23

• much less ocmmon in uk
• testing complex
• vaccination effetive prevention of FeLV

Question 24

FIP - describe

Answer 24

• Feline coronavirus ubiquitous globally
• Highly contagious
• RNa virus
• High rate mutation
• 2 serotypes

Question 25

who can get affected by FIP

Answer 25

CAN cause FIP but in the majority of cats it doesn’t

Question 26

PAthogenesis of FIP?

Answer 26

- Feline enteric coronaV -> replicated in enterocytes, shed in faeces, avirulent/ mild - Feline infectious peritonitis virus -> replicated in monocytes/ **macrophages** - mutation in host

Question 27

What does FIP do?

Answer 27

FCoV replicating in macrophages in blood vessel walls -> * Vasculitis/serositis * Effusions Perivascular granulomas-> * Liver * Kidneys * Brain * Eyes

Question 28

Describe variation of virulence with strains & other viral factors?

Answer 28

Question 29

Host factors FIP?

Answer 29

Immune response (humoral immune responses & T-cell depletion both ↑ FIP), genetics, breed, age (<2 years), sex (♂)

Question 30

Environmental factors?

Answer 30

Stress (e.g. multicat households, neutering, vaccination), degree of FCoV exposure for faeco-oral transmission (mutation more likely?)

Question 31

Outcomes of FCov infections?

Answer 31

Question 32

CLS OF CORONAV?

Answer 32

Effusions -yellow thick frothy if shaken Neuro signs Ocular dx

Question 33

non specific presentation of FIP?

Answer 33

- lethargy - inappetance - weight loss - V+/D+

Question 34

FIP indicator presentations?

Answer 34

- Pyrexia - Abdo distention - Neuro - Ocuar signs - Dyspnoea - Jaundice

Question 35

Diagnosing FIP?

Answer 35

Not one test only - CLs & signalment - Biochem changes: globulins, bili - Fluid: high protein, low cellularity - Haem: non regen anaemia, microcytosis, neutropaenia - Imaging: fluid, LNs, - PCR/ immunohistochemistry - Tx trials?

Question 36

common haem/ biochem findings FIP?

Answer 36

lymphopenia neutrophilia anaemia hyperglobulinaemia hyperbilirubinaemia

Question 37

Imaging for FIP?

Answer 37

POCUS scan for fluid? Full US to detect lymphadenopathy

Question 38

What molecular diagnostics ?

Answer 38

PCR on: fluids, histo, CSF, aqueous H, LN , ...

Question 39

What antiviral TX/ Cure to FIP?

Answer 39

Remedesvir & GS-441524 50mg tablets

Question 40

Antibiotc use in cats?

Answer 40

* Overuse of higher tier AB common in cats * Cephalosporin long-acting injections over used * Always think about significance of the bacteria you found * Consult the ISCAID guidelines and PROTECT information

Question 41

How do we interpret faecal PCR bacterial testing

Answer 41

lol difficult also spenny

Question 42

Is bacteria the causes of acute V+, D+ and chronic enteropathies is CATS?

Answer 42

No -> therefore no ABs

Question 43

Mycobacteria - describe?

Answer 43

Not common but increasing prevalence Diagnosis can be difficult Potentially serious zoonosis Treatment prolonged and expensive

Question 44

What are the types of MycoB?

Answer 44

Question 45

Sources of infection ?

Answer 45

- Tuberculous group (from humans, M.bovis from cattle, badgers etc & M.microti from rodents & voles) - Infected soil, water,sutaenous inoculation - Rodent bites, ingestion of birds or rodents

Question 46

What is M.Bovis infection in cats linked to?

Answer 46

Raw fed cats

Question 47

Describe Zoonotic risks TB?

Answer 47

Reported with M.bovis Cats naturally resistant to M.tuberculosis M.microti low risk M.fortuitum cat to human is reported M.avium low risk

Question 48

What signs of Mycoplasma can we see ? @

Answer 48

Non healing wounds Skin lesions - leprosy Eyes

Question 49

How can we stage mycobacteria?

Answer 49

Stage with Xrays of chest

Question 50

Treatment?

Answer 50

- Triple therapy -> Rifampicin, Clarithromycin, Fluroquinolones - 3-6m therapy - Facilitate owner compliance (liquid drugs, all drugs in one capsule, O tube?)

Question 51

What other differential to remmeber that looks like TB?

Answer 51

Cow Pox (virus)

Question 52

Describe Giardia

Answer 52

- Asymptomatic found - Zoonotic potential - Intermittent shedding -3d of faeces - Reinfeciton common - TX: fenbendazole - diet & probiotics

Question 53

Describe Trichomonas fetus

Answer 53

- young cats - multicat households - large bowel diarrhoea -> FAECAL INCONTINENCE - often pedigree cats

Question 54

Dx & Tx for tritrichomonas

Answer 54

- Fresh rectal smear - culture - PCr most acccurate tx: ronidazole

Question 55

TOXO risks?

Answer 55

Cats are a low risk to pregnant women But sensible precautions Handwashing after gardening and washing veg + avoid raw meat Cause of mainly neuro disease in cats

Question 56

Key points on fungal infections

Answer 56

Dermatophytosis most common in UK (by far) In other countries fungal infections more important Fungal nasal infections possibly underdiagnosed Cryptococcus a big deal in other countries See ABCD info on fungal treatment