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SA Optho/Neuro > Feline Neurology > Flashcards

Feline Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What do you always need to do differently during a neuro exam in cats vs dogs?

A

Repeat tests! Cats are weird and sometimes will act as if they have deficits when they actually don’t

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2
Q

How should you perform the menace test in cats to ensure better accuracy?

A

come at them from behind

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3
Q

What is the average age in which Feline Hyperesthesia syndrome most often occurs?

A

1 YO

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4
Q

How do you diagnose Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome?

A

It’s very difficult to! Basically rule everything else out. CBC, Chemistry, Toxo test, FIV/ FeLV test, Brain /Spinal Cord MRI, CSF, and EMG are normal

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5
Q

What is the treatment for feline hyperesthesia syndrome?

A

Gabapentin (effective in 2/3 of patients), Clomipramine, Amitriptyline, Phenobarb, Prednisolone, meloxicam

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6
Q

Compare and contrast idiopathic epilepsy in dogs vs cats

A

In cats, can occur at any age, more common in patients <7 years of age
-often occurs during resting conditions
-rapid running is common
-status epilepticus is uncommon
-normal during interictal states

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7
Q

What is the recommended treatment for idiopathic epilepsy in cats?

A

Phenobarbital

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8
Q

What percent of cats go into complete remission with idiopathic epilepsy

A

40%- better than in dogs

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9
Q

Define audiogenic reflex seizure.

A

A seizure that is objectively and consistently precipitated by environmental or internal stimuli

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10
Q

What breed is predisposed to audiogenic reflex seizures?

A

Birmans

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11
Q

What drug is most efficacious for treatment of audiogenic reflex seizures?

A

Keppra

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12
Q

What clinical signs are common with hippocampal necrosis?

A

Hypersalivation, aggression, excess vocalization, facial twitching

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for hippocampal necrosis?

A
  1. Anti- epileptic therapy (phenobarbital, levetiracetam, combo therapy)
  2. Prednisolone
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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FIP?

A

A mutation in feline coronavirus (10% of cases) which causes the virus to replicate within macrophages resulting in immune mediated vasculitis. The dry form is usually responsible for neurologic signs

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15
Q

How do you diagnose FIP?

A

MRI- will see obstructive hydrocephalus and periventricular enhancement
-high CSF coronavirus titers

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16
Q

How does toxoplasmosis cause neurologic disease in the cat?

A

Reactivation of latent bradyzoites within the brain, spinal cord, and/or skeletal muscles

17
Q

How to treat neurologic toxoplasmosis cases

A

Clindamycin or TMS

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of cryptococcus in cats?

A

lethargy, behavioral changes, gait abnormalities, vestibular signs, seizures

19
Q

How do cats acquire cryptococcus

A

Inhalation of saprophytic yeasts in soil and pigeon feces

20
Q

How to diagnose cryptococcus

A

Serology, CSF, Fungal culture (gold standard)

21
Q

What signs in cats are pathognomonic for crypto infection?

A

granulomatous chorioretinitis and retinal detachment

22
Q

What is the treatment for crypto?

A

Fluconazole for life (only one that crosses BBB), prednisolone or combo amphotericin B and flucytosine

23
Q

How can FeLV and FIV lead to neurologic symptoms?

A

FeLV predisposes to other CNS infections and lymphoma

FIV is a neurotropic virus and causes perivascular cuffing/glial nodules. It often leads to alterations in sleep patterns but CNS changes are only reported in 1-5% of cases

24
Q

What neurologic change does FPV cause?

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia if infection was in utero, perinatal or queen was vaccinated with live vaccine during pregnancy

25
Q

What is the most common physical exam change with feline ischemic encephalopathy?

A

Acute blindness

26
Q

What causes feline ischemic encephalopathy?

A

Cuterebral migration

27
Q

What is the treatment for feline ischemic encephalopathy?

A

Ivermectin, prednisolone, diphenhydramine

28
Q

What are the most common causes of cervical ventroflexion in cats?

A

Hypokalemia (ammonium chloride toxicity), thiamine deficiency, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, hepatic encephalopathy

29
Q

What is the most common brain tumor in cats and what is the prognosis?

A

Meningioma- terrible prognosis (18 day mean survival time with medical therapy after diagnosis, 37 months with SX)

30
Q

What is the most common tumor affecting the spinal cord of cats?

A

Lymphosarcoma. Also the second most common intracranial tumor
- can affect basically anywhere in the CNS

31
Q

What other areas are often affected in lymphosarcoma cases?

A

Bone marrow, kidneys, liver, spleen, lymph nodes

SA Optho/Neuro (8 decks)

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