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ASC261 > Female anatomy > Flashcards

Female anatomy Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 9 major structures of the female repro. system?

A
  • ovaries
  • oviducts
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • vestibule
  • vulva
  • clitoris
  • mammary gland
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2
Q

Produces gametes & hormones…?

A

ovaries

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3
Q

Gamete transport; site of fertilisation; pre-attachment dev. of embryo…?

A

oviducts

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4
Q

Sperm transport; support pregnancy; expulsion of foetus; hormone prod…?

A

uterus

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5
Q

Physical barrier; secretes mucous during oestrus; creates a cervical plug during pregnancy…?

A

cervix

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6
Q

Organ of copulation…?

A

vagina, vestibule & vulva

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7
Q

Regarding the dev. of the uterus…which structure gives rise to the uterus & vagina?

A

paramesonephric ducts (PD)

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8
Q

Regarding the dev. of the uterus…which structure gives rise to the bladder, urethra & vestibule?

A

urogenital sinus (UGS)

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9
Q

What are the 4 layers of the tubular tract? (outer to inner/lumen)

A

serosa, muscularis, sub-mucosa, mucosa

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10
Q

Characteristics of serosa…?

A

single-layered squamous cells that cover the surface of the reproductive tract

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11
Q

Characteristics of muscularis…?

A

usually a double layer of smooth muscle with outer longitudinal layer & inner circular layer
provides tubular components with the ability to contract

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12
Q

Characteristics of sub-mucosa…?

A

Varying thickness depending on anatomical region of the tract.
Houses blood vessels, nerves & lymphatics
Also supports mucosal layer

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13
Q

Characteristics of mucosa…?

A

Lines the lumen in each part of the female reproductive tract.
A secretory layer that differs in function depending on tract region.

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14
Q

Which structures do the broad ligaments support/suspend?

A

ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix and anterior vagina from the body wall

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15
Q

Broad ligaments are a continuation of…?

A

a continuation of the peritoneum

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16
Q

What do the broad ligaments house?

A

blood vessels, lymphatics & nerves

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17
Q

3 components of the broad ligament/oviduct…?

A
  • mesovarium
  • mesosalpinx
  • mesometrium
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18
Q

Characteristics of the mesovarium?

A

attaches & supports the ovary

forms a hilus that houses blood vessels, lymphatics & nerves

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19
Q

Characteristics of the mesosalpinx?

A

supports the oviducts & forms a bursa-like pouch that surrounds the ovary
orientates the infundibulum at the time of egg release

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20
Q

Characteristics of the mesometrium?

A

supports the uterine horns & body

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21
Q

Characteristics of the ovary…?

A
  • very dynamic organ
  • ovoid & dense structure
  • responsible for production of hormones - oestrogen & progesterone
  • has a cortex & medulla
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22
Q

Ovary is supported by which structure?

A

mesovarium

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23
Q

Primary function of the ovary?

A

to produce gametes (ova)

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24
Q

Which structure attaches ovary to the uterus?

A

utero-ovarian ligament

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25
What are the important structures on the ovary...?
follicle, corpus haemorrhagicum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans
26
What are the ovary follicle types?
primordial, primary, secondary, antral/graafian follicle
27
In which animal/species is the ovulation fossa found?
equine ovaries
28
Where are ovarian follicles found?
ovarian cortex
29
List & describe the ovarian follicles...
Primordial - most immature & smallest Primary - oocyte surrounded by single layer of cell Secondary - same as primary with 2+ layers of cells & no cavity (antrum); oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida Developing Antral (tertiary) - same as 2nd'ry but with antrum filled with follicular fluid Antral/Graaffian - mature tertiary follicle that becomes a pre-ovulatory follicle
30
What are the layers of the antral follicle? Outer -> inner
Theca externa, theca interna, granulosa
31
3 parts of the oviduct...?
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
32
Characteristics of the infundibulum...?
ovarian end of the oviduct funnel-shaped surface covered with fimbriae catches the ova at the time of ovulation
33
Characteristics of the ampulla...?
central part of oviduct; larger diameter ciliated epithelium covers more than half the length of oviduct
34
Characteristics of the isthmus...?
smaller in diameter connects oviduct to the uterus at the utero-tubal junction has thicker muscle wall & fewer mucosal folds
35
Where does fertilisation take place?
Ampullary-isthmus junction
36
Functions of the oviduct?
Transport oocytes & spermatozoa -> site of fertilisation Provide optimum environment for unfertilised oocyte & spermatozoa for survival Provides congenial/suitable environment for developing embryo before it enters the uterus
37
Characteristics & function of the Ovarian Bursa
A pouch formed around the ovary by the mesosalpinx & mesovarium Function: role to ensure the ovulated egg is picked up by the oviduct
38
Ovarian Bursa poorly developed in the...?
cow & ewe
39
Ovarian Bursa very prominent in the...?
sow
40
Draw the Ovarian Bursa (in a cow) & surrounding structures
slide 27...
41
Draw the Oviduct (in a cow) & surrounding structures
slide 24...
42
Draw the Ovary (in a cow) & surrounding structures including different follicle stages
slide 21 & 22...
43
In which animal is the Ovarian Bursa a shallow sac that does NOT contain the ovary?
mare
44
The Ovarian Bursa is a deep enclosure that surrounds the entire ovary in which animal(s)?
bitch | rodent
45
5 functions of the uterus...?
1. Sperm transport 2. Luteolysis & control of cyclicity 3. Support pre- & post-attachment pregnancy 4. Contributes to formation of placenta 5. Expulsion of the foetus & foetal membrane
46
3 types of uteri...?
- duplex: 2 cervical canals, 2 uterine compartments - bicornuate: 2 poorly/moderately/highly developed uterine horns; single cervix & vaginal canal - simplex: no uterine horns; single cervix & vagina
47
Duplex uteri are seen in which animals?
marsupials - 2 seperate vaginal canals | rabbits - single vaginal canal
48
Bicornuate uteri are seen in which animals?
mare & cow - poorly to moderately developed uterine horns | bitch, queen & sow - highly developed uterine horns
49
Simplex uteri are seen in which animals?
primates - single chambered uterus with no uterine horns
50
Layers of the uterus...?
Endometrium (mucosa + submucosa) Myometrium (inner circular + outer longitudinal) Perimetrium (serosa)
51
Functions of the endometrium...?
- secretions of mucosa to enhance embryo dev. & sperm viability - submucosa is supporting tissue & houses endometrial (uterine) glands -> secrete prostaglandin F2alpha -> death of corpus luteum - non-glandular part (caruncles) -> forms maternal side of placenta
52
What are caruncles? Which animals are they found in?
non-glandular, highly vascularised areas that form maternal side of placenta in cows & ewes
53
What do mares & sows have instead of caruncles?
endometrial folds that develop into the placenta
54
ask about blood supply to the reproductive tract.
ovarian artery & utero-ovarian vein...?
55
Characteristics of the cervix...?
- forms a physical barrier preventing contaminants entering uterus - produces mucous (thin & clear) during oestrus -> lubricates vagina - creates mucous plug (thick & viscous) forming cervical seal of pregnancy - site for semen deposition in sows - sperm selection & transport (prevents excessive numbers)
56
Draw the cervix & surrounding structures...
slide 52...
57
Difference in cervix of cow/ewe vs sow...?
In the sow, the cervical rings interdigitate ie. interlock
58
Cervix in the mare...?
Contains longitudinal cervical folds
59
Cervix in bitches...?
Relatively smooth without rings or folds
60
Characteristics of the vagina/vestibule...?
- copulatory organ - passive birth canal during parturition - vestibule harbours urethral opening - Contains Bartholin's/Vestibular glands in vestibular submucosa -> secrete mucous like material during oestrus
61
Cranial vagina originates from?
paramesonephric ducts
62
Caudal vagina (vestibule) originates from?
urogenital sinus
63
What does the junction of the cranial & caudal vagina form? Why is it important?
vestibulo-vaginal sphinctor - 2nd barrier to uterus
64
In which animals is the suburethral diverticulum present?
cow & sow
65
Draw the vagina & all structures. Include cranial & caudal vagina and the different cell types within them.
slide 56
66
Cranial vagina is lined with which types of cells? What is their function?
Lined with columnar epithelial cells - secretory function
67
Caudal vagina is lined with which types of cells? What is their function?
Lined with stratified squamous cells - protective function
68
Characteristics of the vulva...?
- external part of reproductive tract - has 2 labia forming vulval seal (1st physical barrier preventing uterine contamination) - has a dorsal & ventral commisure
69
Characteristics of the clitoris...?
- female homologue of penis - located in the ventral commisure of the vestibule in the clitoral fossa - clitoris becomes erect during oestrus - very prominent in mares when in oestrus
70
T or F - Clitoral stimulation can increase pregnancy rates in cows?
True
71
T or F - The clitoris is a major site for harbouring infectious organisms in mares?
Very true!
72
3 structures of the clitoris...?
1. vestibule 2. clitoris 3. clitoral fossa

ASC261 (17 decks)

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