Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

repro > female histology > Flashcards

female histology Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ovary stroma

A 
tunica albuginia
simple cuboidal empi
subtended by dense irregular CT
focally eroded at time of ovulation
loose in mudlla
compact and cellualr in Cx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

follicular phase

A

14 days
only 1 ovary involved in single menstrural cycle
FSH stimulates cohort of follicles to mature -> produce E2, level peaking before ovulation
mid-cycle surge of LH (E2 mediated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stages of follicular development

A

primordial -> primary follicle -> secondary preantral follicle -> secondary preantral follicle -> small antral follicle -> large recruitable antral follicle -> dominant follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primordial follicle

A

primary oocyte
4N
arrested in prophase of 1st mitotic division
squamous follicular cells joined by desmosomes and BM surround oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

unilaminar primary follicle

A

oocyte rapidly gros
follicular cells become cuboidal
zona pellucida begins to form, not visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

zona pellucida

A

glycoprotein coat seperates oocyte from follicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

multilaminar primary follicles

A

follicular cells pass small precursor molecules to nurture oocyte
zona pellucida continues to develop
theca interna begins to be visible
differentiates from stroma around follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

secondary (antral) follcile

A 
antrum appears
granulosa cells continue to proliferate 
synthesize and secrete estrogens 
theca cells more developed
theca externa visible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

theca interna cells

A

cuboidal
steroid producing cells
seperated from granulosa cells by BM
synthesize testosterone and androstenedione
these are converted to E by granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

graffian follicle

A

near ovulation antrum enlarges and distends capsule
antrum fills w/follicular fluid
zona pellucida- well developed
cumulus oophorus- hilock of cells supporting oocyte
corona radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

plasma transudate of graffian follicle contains:

A
  • steroid hormones
  • steroid binding proteins (GAGs)
  • inhibin (from granulosa cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

corona radiata

A

granulosa cells surround oocytes
retained w/oocyte at ovulation
must be penetrated by sperm
needed to transport ova in oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

granulosa cells of graffian follicle

A

develop LH receptors
begin to synthesize and secrete P immediately prior to ovulation
binding releases oocyte from prophase I enabling ovum to mature further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ovulation

A

primary oocyte completes 1st mitotic division

produces secondary oocyte and polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secondary oocyte

A

receives most of cytoplasm
23 chromosomes 2N
suspended into metaphase II until fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neonatal ovary

A

PGCs proliferate at genital ridge
by 7th month of fetal life all oogonia arrested in prophase I of meiosis
placental hormones can mimic puberty hormones so fetal/neonate ovaries show maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

corpus luteum

A 
follicle after ovulation
persistence depends on LH
granulosa cells hypertrophy
thecal cells secrete E and P
E feeds back to inhibit LH, steroid secretion declines-> mentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

corpus luteum if pregnant

A

maintained by hCG for 6 months, keeps producing E and P

later stages of pregnancy corpus luteum secretes polypeptide relaxin which increases pliability of pelvic CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

corpus albican

A

scar left after corpus luteum regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

estrogen and puberty

A

stimulate growth of uterus and breasts

develop female somatic profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

estrogen and menstrual cycle

A

proliferation of endometrium
production of clear mucous by cervical glands
maturation of vaginal epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

estrogen and preganacy

A

growth of mammary gland duct system
myometrial hypertrophy
increase in uterine blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

estrogen cellular effects

A

cause production of P receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

progesterone and puberty

A

minimal effect of breast growth

may affect maturation of secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
progesterone and menstrual cycle
trophic effect of uterine glands | stimulates thick cervical mucous secretion
26
progesterone and preganancy
growth of mammary gland alveoli impeded ovarian cycle by feedback to pituitary produced by ovum may serve as homing signal to sperm
27
oviducts
fertilization usually occurs here, specifically in ampulla conveys oocyte to uterus implantation, development and growth occur in uterus
28
E and oviduct
``` increase endosalphinx epi size increase blood flow to lamina propria increase oviduct specific glycoproteins increase ciliogenesis increase mucus and muscular tone of isthmus ```
29
P and oviduct
decrease epi size increase deciliation decrease mucus relaxes m tone
30
layres of oviduct
mucous membrane muscular coat serosa
31
oviduct mucus membrane
thrown into folds of varying extend few folds in isthmus extensive folds in ampulla/infundibulum
32
histo oviduct
simple columnar epi 2 types: - ciliated, cilia mostly beat towards uterus, some towards ovary, primary force of ovum mvmt mm - secretory, non ciliated, aka peg cells, tallest in midcycle, shortest in premenstrual period
33
oviduct muscular coat
inner circular layer outer longitudinal layer often difficult to discern layers due to interlacing layers peristalsis propels oocyte to uterus, this is primary mode of ovum mvmt
34
uterus layers
``` serosa myometrium (thick external m coat) endometrium (mucous membrane) ```
35
myometrium
fibromuscular coat bundles of smooth m separated by CT outermost and innermost layers very thin middle layer much thicker, circumfrential
36
myometrium during pregnancy
extensive growth, both hyperplasia and hypertrophy | numerus gap jnx to coordinate contractions
37
endometrium
simple columnar epi mixture of ciliated and secretory lamina propria rich in blood vessels, fibroblasts, reticular fibers
38
secretory cells of endometrium
simple tubular glands | produce proteins, glycoproteins, mucous
39
layers of endometrium
pars functionalis- portion sloughed during menstruation | parsbasalis- portion retained during menstruation forms germinal tissue and renews pars functionalis
40
uterine blood supply
arcuate a in myometrium straight aa supply pars basalis coiled aa- supply pars functionalis, therefore angiogenesis of these vessels under control of E and P
41
uterine cycle
``` menstrual phase day 1-5 resurfacing phase day 5-6 proliferative phase day 7-15 secretory phase day 15-26 ischemic phase day 27-28 ```
42
proliferative phase
``` aligns with ovarian follicular phase reepithelialization of basal layer E drives cellular proliferation induces expression of P receptors glycogen at base of epi ```
43
secretory phase
``` aligns with ovarian luteal phase inhibition of endometrial growth stimulation of uterine glands changes in adhesitvity of surface epi opposes prolifeative effect of E glands coil glycogen moves to apex ```
44
menstrual phase
``` aligns w/demise of corpus luteum coincided w/early follicular phase upregulates MMPs upregulates COX-2 -> PGF2alpha -> myometrial contractions (cramps) and vasodilators -> water retention sloughing do to WBCs/MOs coiled aa beceome contricted ```
45
menstrual flow contents
unfertilized secondary oocyte non-clotting venous and arterial blood disintegrated epi and stromal cells galndular secretions
46
resurfacing phase
epi cells from base of glands proliferate migrate to resurface endometrium angiogensis begins
47
ischemic phase
E and P fall, pars functionalis regresses glands become very coiled, causes intermittent disruptions of blood supply endometrium shrinks
48
cervix
little smooth m extensive dense CT prior to parturition CT degrades -> cervical dilation surface lined w/simple columnar epi contains mucous secreting cells mucosa includes no coiled aa cervical mucosa not shed during menstruation stratified squamous non kerintonized appears at external uterine os
49
cervical glands
branched mucous secreting glands produce thin watery mucous allows sperm access to ovum after ovulation becomes thick, inhibits foreign material from entering uterus
50
cervical glands and E
produce thin watery slightly alkaline mucus
51
cervical glands and P
produce scant viscous, sightly acidic mucus
52
vagins
``` thick walled fibromuscular tube stratifies squamous wet epi w/rugae thickness regulated by E thickest mid-cycle pre-puberty layer thin langerhans cells- APCs no glands in vagin ```
53
acidity of vagina
surface cells accumulate glycogen serves as substrate for acid forming bacteria fall in E levels makes vagina more alkaline
54
lamina propria of vagina
``` wide band of dense fibrous CT elastic fibers present towards lumen towards base CT becomes looser outer region very vascular no muscularis mucosae present diffuse lymphocytes/nodeuls WBCs invade epi during menses no general sensory receptors in vagina, only nociceptors ```
55
muscularis of vagina
2 distinct interlaced smooth m layer inner- circular outer-longitudinal skeletal m surrounds vaginal introitus (mm of pelvic/UG diaphragms
56
labia majora
homolog of scrotum | composed of skin-hair at puberty, thin layer of smooth m, adipose tissue
57
labia minor
stratifies squamous non-keritinized epi lamina propria highly vascularized contains numerus papillae sebaceous glands present but no hair follicles melanocytes present, epi highly pigemented
58
vestibule
``` similar to vagina, except mucous glands present vestibular gland (glands of bartholin) homolog to bulbourethral glands in male ```
59
estrogen on vagina
stimulates proliferation of vaginal epi | increases glycogen content
60
P on vagina
increases desquamation of epi cells
61
E on bones
promotes closure of epiphyseal plates | is anabolic and calciotrophic hormone
62
E on liver
``` incerase LDL receptor HDL levels cortisol binding protein thyroid hormone binding protein sex hormone binding protein ```
63
estrogen on cardiovascular system
vasodilation via NO
64
E on CNS
appear to be neuroprotective
65
P on CNS
regulates set point for thermoregulation

repro (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions