perineum

Question 1

perineum

Answer 1

btwn coccyx and pubis

clinically often used to refer to central tendon of female

Question 2

perineum boundaries

Answer 2

ant- pubis
lateral- ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities
post- coccyx and caudal sacrum
post/lat- sacrotuberous ligaments
superior- separated from pelvic cavity by pelvic diaphragm

Question 3

UG diaphragm

Answer 3

stretches ant btwn 2 ischiopubic rami creating urogenital and anal regions

Question 4

anal triangel boundaries

Answer 4

ant- posterior edge of UG diaphragm
post- boundaries of perineum
lat- ischiopubic rami and obtorator internus m below arcus tendineus
sup- inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm
inf- skin and superficial fasica of peritoneum

Question 5

ischioanal fossa

Answer 5

filled w/adipose tissue
sup- levator ani and pelvic diaphram
inf- skin of perineum
post- right and left ischioanal fossa communicate
ant- externa anal sphincter and UG diaphragm fuse, prevents communication

Question 6

anterior recess

Answer 6

extends anteriorly btwn levator ani and UG diaphragm

Question 7

anal triangle contents

Answer 7

external anal sphinchter
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal n
perineal branch of S4

Question 8

external anal sphincter

Answer 8

divided into superficial, subcutaneous, and deep
superficial from central tendon of perineum to coccyx
deep encircles anal canal (major component)

Question 9

internal pudendal vessels

Answer 9

brr of internal iliac
leaves pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen
crosses ischial spine and passes thru lesser sciatic foramen in pudendal canal
inferior rectal, perineal and deep and dorsal aa of penis

Question 10

pudendal canal

Answer 10

aka alcocks canal

fascial canal created by splitting of obturator fascia

Question 11

inferior rectal aa

Answer 11

first br after entering pudendal canal

supplies sphincter, anal canal, and skin of anus

Question 12

perineal aa

Answer 12

arise near posterior edge of UG diaphragm

br from transverse perineal aa and posterior scrotal aa

Question 13

deep and dorsal aa of penis

Answer 13

terminal brr of internal pudendal

run superior to UG diaphragm

Question 14

pudendal n

Answer 14

follows same course as internal pudendal aa
brr:
inferior rectal
perineal 
dorsal n to penis

Question 15

inferior rectal nn

Answer 15

pierces pudendal canal to have same distribution of inf rectal aa

Question 16

perineal n

Answer 16

distributes similarly to perineal aa
brr:
transverse perineal nn
posterior scrotal/labial nn

Question 17

perineal br of S4

Answer 17

cutanous distribution to skin of posterior anal triangle
may contribute to innervation of external sphincter
perineal brr of femoral cutaneous
innervates most lateral aspect of anal and UF regions down onto medial thigh

Question 18

UG triangle in male

Answer 18

anterior portion of perineum
ant-pubis
lat- ischiopubic rami
post- dorsal edge of UG diaphragm 
sup- pubo-coccygeal portion of levator ani m

Question 19

UG diaphragm in male

Answer 19

voluntary mm sheet btwn ischiopubic rami
from pubis to ischial tuberosities
does not extend ant to pubis
covered by inf and sup fascial sheaths

Question 20

spinchter urethrae

Answer 20

surrounds membranous urethra forms anterior portion of UG diaphragm

Question 21

deep transverse perineal m male

Answer 21

forms post portion of UGD

Question 22

anterior gap of UGD

Answer 22

filled w/transverse perineal lig

deep dorsal v of penis enters pelvis thru this gap

Question 23

deep perineal space

Answer 23

btwn 2 fascial layers
occupied by mm of diaphragm
embedded in diaphragm are bulbourethral glands

Question 24

fascial layers of UGG male

Answer 24

superficial perineal fascia aka colles

deep perineal fascia

Question 25

superficial perineal fascia male

Answer 25

aka colles continuation of membranous layer of superficial fascia from abdominal all forms superficial penile fascia and dartos fascia (scrotum)

Question 26

deep perineal fascia male

Answer 26

intimately surrounds cavernous bodies forms deep penile fascia aka bucks fasica creates potential space btwn superficial and deep penile fasica

Question 27

corpus spongeiosum

Answer 27

``` aka corpus cavernosum urethra along midline adherent to inferior fascia UGD contains penile urethra enlarged at distal end to form glans penis limited erectile fnx ```

Question 28

corpora cavernosa

Answer 28

form the crura of the penis | arise from ischiopubic rami and adjacent UGD

Question 29

tunica albuginae

Answer 29

surrounds each layer of erectile tissue thick CT which invests each layer separately along midline CT fuses to form septum of penis

Question 30

fundiform ligament

Answer 30

thickening of scarps/colles fascia arises inferior to linea alba inserts into superficial fascia (colles) of penis

Question 31

suspensory ligament of the penis

Answer 31

triangular band of CT arises from lower end of linea alba insets into deep fascia of penis

Question 32

bulbospondiosus male

Answer 32

compressor of urethrae

Question 33

ischiocavernosus male

Answer 33

erector of penis

Question 34

superficial transverse perineal m

Answer 34

borders posterior edge of UGD originates from ischiopubic rami inserts into central tendon of perineum

Question 35

UDG female

Answer 35

same basic structure as male | split into 2 portions by vagina and urethra

Question 36

central tendon female

Answer 36

``` aka perineal body larger and more prominent then in males insertion point for superficial and deep transverse perineal mm bulbospongiosus m external anal sphincter ```

Question 37

erectile tissue females

Answer 37

vestibular bulbs corpora cavernosa bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus

Question 38

vestibular bulbs

Answer 38

homolog to corporus spongiosum lie along the base of labia majora cover the greater vestibular glands

Question 39

corpora caverrnosa

Answer 39

homolog of corpora cavernosa forms clitoris (homolog of penis) approximately 1" of erectile tissue buried under prepuce, attaching to PS by suspensory lig of clitoris

Question 40

blublospongiosus females

Answer 40

wrap around labia minus

Question 41

ischiocavernosus females

Answer 41

from ischopubic rami to pubic arch froming crura of clitoris

Question 42

superficial perineal fascia females

Answer 42

same as in males | will continue into the labia majora, interrupted by pudendal cleft

Question 43

female external genitalia

Answer 43

mons pubis labia majora labia minora

Question 44

nerves of UG triangle

Answer 44

brr of perineal br of pudendal: - posterior scrotal/labia n - deep brr - dorsal n of penis/clitoris