female repo

Question 1

origins of female reproductive disorders

Answer 1

central: neuroendocrine feedback axis (pituitary, hypothalamus)
ovarian
end-organ dysfunction

Question 2

central: hypothalamic-pituitary function

Answer 2

change in rate or dose of secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus
may cause an altered pituitary response=ovarian disfunction

Question 3

factors that affect GnRH

Answer 3

psychological stress
body fat content
change in rate, frequency, intensity of exercise

Question 4

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 4

results of altered response to gonadotropins

Question 5

anovulation

Answer 5

ovaries do not release oocyte during menstrual cycle

Question 6

hirsutism

Answer 6

imbalance of sex hormones resulting in excessive hair growth

Question 7

dyslipidemia

Answer 7

unhealthy levels of one or more kinds of lipids in the body

Question 8

amenorrhea

Answer 8

absence of menstrual period in woman reproduction age

Question 9

normal menstrual bleeding directly related to what

Answer 9

normal growth of the uterine endometrium

Question 10

pelvic infection

Answer 10

can produce adhesion and scarring of the endometrium and/or fallopian tubes may result in infertility

Question 11

pregnancy disorders

Answer 11

implantation- opportunity for miscarriage
diabetes- placenta produces hormone called HCS that elevates blood glucose

Question 12

poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of the mother

Answer 12

retinopathy, nephropathy, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, infection, preeclampsia/clampsia

Question 13

poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of the fetus

Answer 13

death, spontaneous abortion, madrosomia (large body, high blood glucose)

Question 14

poor control of blood glucose during pregnancy has an effect of neonatal

Answer 14

hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, ploycythemia (excess number of RBC), hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice skin)

Question 15

placenta previa

Answer 15

third trimester bleeding, placental obstruction of all or part of internal cervical

Question 16

placental abruption

Answer 16

premature separation of normally implanted placenta

Question 17

benign breast disease

Answer 17

subtle imbalance in relative levels of estrogen and progesterone, premature breast tenderness

Question 18

dysmenorrhea

Answer 18

pain and cramping typically in lower abdominal area occuring days before and during menstual flow

Question 19

preeclampsia-eclampsia

Answer 19

one of the most common maternal deaths in US, hypertension, proteinuria, edema, can lead to hypertension and placental insufficiency