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GIGU Final > Female Repro Histo > Flashcards

Female Repro Histo Flashcards

1
Q

In general what is the ovarian cycle?

A

Where ovarian follicles undergo folliculogenesis in prep for ovulation

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2
Q

In general what is the uterine cycle?

A

Concurrent cycle to the ovarian where the endometrium prepares for implantation

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3
Q

What epithelium covers the ovary?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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4
Q

What is the dense CT capsule covering the ovary called?

A

Tunica albuginea

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5
Q

What makes up the cortex of the ovary?

A

CT and ovarian follicles

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6
Q

What makes up the medulla of the ovary?

A

`CT, interstitial cells, neurovasculature, and lymphatics in the hilum

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7
Q

What type of cells surrounds and supports the growth of the oocyte?

A

Follicular & Granulosa cells

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8
Q

Where are ovarian follicles located?

A

Cortical stroma

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9
Q

What are the three phases of folliculogenesis?

A

Follicular phase Ovulatory phase Luteal phase

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10
Q

Describe primordial follicles

A

Found throughout the cortex surrounded by simple squamous layer of follicular/pregranulosa cells

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11
Q

What covers primary follicles, what separates granulosa cells from stroma of ovary, and What separates primary oocyte from granulosa?

A

Simple squamous granulosa cells and a simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells. The basal lamina separates granulosa cells from the ovary’s stroma. When the ZP assembles it separates primary oocyte from granulosa cells.

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12
Q

In late primary follicles, how do the stratified granulosa cells communicate? Describe the follicle.

A

Via gap junctions Avascular with a basement membrane

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13
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

3 stages where select follicles undergo cyclic growth and maturation

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14
Q

Oocytes present at birth are arrested in what stage?

A

Meiosis I

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15
Q

what is this, what is it receptive to?

A
  • Primordial follicles
  • Receptive to FSH which then allows for development of primary follicles
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16
Q

What is this, what are the cells surrounding it?

A
  • Primary follicle
  • Surrounded by a simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells
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17
Q

What is this

A

Late follicular cell

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18
Q

What is sthis?

A

secondary follicle

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19
Q

In a secondary follicle what secretes the follicular fluid? Where does the fluid accumulate?

A

Granulosa cells, and it accumulates in small spaces called Call-Exner bodies

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20
Q

What is the antrum?

A

Antrum is a large cavity that holds fluid in the secondary follicle

A in the picture

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21
Q

Where are thecal layers first present?

A

Secondary follicle

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22
Q

What are the layers labeled TH and TE?

A

Theca interna layer and theca externa layer of cells

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23
Q

What does the theca interna do?

A

Produces androstenedione—estradiol, it is a vascularized layer of cells adjacent to basal lamina supporting the granulosa

24
Q

What is the purpose of the theca externa?

A

Fiborus layer of cells continous with ovarian stroma, support

25
Q

Describe the Graffian follicle.

A
  • Aka mature follicle
  • Thick theca layers
  • The antrum fills and follicle reaches max size, the follicle will bulge at the surface of the ovary and can been seen on US
26
Q

Describe the granulosa cells in the graffian mature follicle.

A
  • Mural granulosa cells: they create wall of follicle synthesizing and secreting estrogen aned producing follicular fluid
  • Cumulus oophorous: anchor oocyte to follicle wall
  • Corona radiata: granulosa cells anchored to the ZP
27
Q

What is follicular atresia?

A
  • Follicular atresia occurs once a dominant follicle is established. All other primary and antral follicles undergo atresia via apoptosis. This causes regression of follicile w/o inflammatory response.
  • This looks like a glassy membrane, with thick folded basesmemet membrane
28
Q

What does the LH surge of the ovulatory phase cause?

A
  • Primary oocyte completes Meiosis I and becomes a secondary oocyte which is arrested at metaphase II
  • Oocyte will undergo ovulation and enter the oviduct
  • Mural granulsoa cells and theca interna repaire OSE damage follwing the follicle rupturing
29
Q

What cells form the corpus luteum?

A

The thecal cells

30
Q

what is the purpose of the corpus luteum in the luteal phase?

A

promotes endometiral changes that will support implantation

31
Q

In the luteal phase what happens to mural granulosa and theca interna cells?

A
  • Mural becomes granulosa lutein cells
  • Theca inerna becomes theca lutein cells
32
Q

What do granulosa lutein cells do?

A
  • GLC in picture
  • Hypertrophic steroid secreting appearance cells that secrete progesterone and estrogen with FSH and LH stimulation
33
Q

What do theca lutein cells do?

A

Produce androstenedione and progesterone wit hLH stimulation

TLC in pic

34
Q

What happens to the CL if fertilization occurs?

A

CL continues to proeduce progesterone and estrogen under the stimulatory hCG from the trhophoblastic layer of cells

35
Q

What happens to the CL if fertilization doesn’t occur?

A
  • CL begins involution around 14 days after ovulation
  • Luteolysis (regression of CL) leads to Corpus albicans formation
    • Type one collagen with few fibroblasts
36
Q

What is this

A

uterine tube

37
Q

Describe the uterine tube.

A
  • Mucosal layer with simple column. epi with a loose CT lamina propria, it has ciliated cells and secretory peg cells
    • estrogen causes an increase in size
  • Smooth mm layer:
    • inner circular spiral layer and outer longitudinal
    • peristaltic contraction and ciliary activities propel oocyte to uterus
  • Serosa
38
Q

What are the three layers to the uterus? Describe them.

A

L to R:

  • Perimetrium:
    • serosa covering posterior surface and part of anterior surface
  • Myometrium:
    • poor defined smooth muscles, has stratum vasculare
  • Endometrium:
    • epithelium of simple colum with simple tubular glands
    • Functional layer: lose during menstruation supplied by spiral arteries
    • Basal layer: retained during menstruation
39
Q

ID the basal layer and functional layer of uterus.

A

Basal layer is along the myometrium endometrium line and functional layer is to the right

40
Q

what arteries supply the endometrium what are the branches?

A

Arcuate arteries

  • Straight segment supplies basal layer
  • Spiral/Coiled segment: supplies functional layer stretches with the endometrial growth
41
Q

What causes destruction of the functional layer of the endometrium?

A

Contraction of the artery occurs at the straight coiled junction before menstruation reducing blood flow destroying the layer

42
Q

What happens in days 1-4 of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • The menstrual phase:
    • CL regresses
    • Blood supply is reduced causing ischemia/necrosis of fxnl layer
    • Fxnl layer sloughs away
43
Q

What happens during Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle (5-14), what does it depend on?

A
  • Glands proliferate and cover the surface
  • Spiral arteries elongated and become convoluted and extend from basal into fxnl layer
  • Depends on estrogen!
44
Q

What hapepns during the secretory phase days 15-28?

A
  • Endometrium reaches max thickkness and spiral arteries extend and grow more into the fxnl layer
  • Glands look sawtooth
  • Depends on estrogen & progesterone
45
Q

what is this

A

Menstrual phase

  • Stroma looks sponge like
  • Breaksown of stromal matrix
  • hypoxia and swelling/ breakdown of glands
46
Q

what is this how do you know

A

Proliferative pahse

Fxnl layer is htin stroma is more cellular glands are straight and empty

47
Q

what is this how do you know

A
  • Secretory phase
  • fxnl layer has elss cells
  • much thicker than basal layer
  • Tubular glands have secretory product and are zig zag saw tooth shaped
48
Q

What is the decidual reaction?

A

Occurs if pregnancy takes place, the endometrial stroma changes following implantation.

  • Includes all layers except the deepest of endometrium and separates into functionawl layers for placental development
  • Fiberoblast become enlaeged and more active in protein synthesis and are called decidual cells
    • They store more lipids and glycogen
  • Provides immune protective environement for embryo and moderates syncytiotrophoblast invasion
49
Q

What are the hallmarks for the cervix?

A
  • Simple columnar mucosa with cervical crypts
  • Can become occluded and dialated forming Nabothian cysts
50
Q

What is the ectocervix and transformation zone?

A
  • Ectocervix is external segment of the cervix lined by stratifed squamous eoithelium
  • Transformation zone is abrupt epithelial transition btw endocervix and ectocervix
51
Q

Describe the layers of the vagina.

A
  • Mucosal layer: nonkeratinized stratified squamous , mucus layer from the uterine/endocervical glands
    • Does not have its own glands
  • Muscularis layer: circular and longitudinal
  • Adventita: dense CT
52
Q

Describe how the mucosa changes with cycling estrogen?

A
  • Stratification increases and cells synthesize and accumulate glycogen
  • The cells will desquamate and bacteria will metabolize glycogen to lactic acid causing a low pH in vagina
53
Q

What is this?

A

Mons pubis and the extension of that called labia majora.

Contains sebaceous ducts and glands

54
Q

What is this?

A

Clitoris erectile tissue found within the clitoral body crura and vestibular bulbs

55
Q

What are the two erectile bodies associated with the clitoral body?

A

Corpora cavernosa surrounded by thin ct

56
Q

Two layers of CT anchor the clitoris to ___ and ___.

A

Subcutanous vulvar tissue and superficial perineal fascia

GIGU Final (12 decks)

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