Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU Final > Dev. of Reproductive > Flashcards

Dev. of Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What do the somatic support cells become in the male and female?

A
  • Male: sertoli
  • Femae: follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the genital ducts form?

A

In the intermediate mesoderm of the urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mesonephric duct, and what are its derivatives?

A
  • Part of early kidney development
  • Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the derivatives of the paramesonephric duct?

A

Oviduct, uterus, upper vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens with the SRY gene, when is it active, where is it found?

A

Development becomes male

  • only active from days 41-52 and expressed in the somatic support cells
  • Upregulates testis specific genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells help organize seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells that surround primordial germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulates the production of anti mullerian hormone? What does AMH cause?

A
  • SRY gene stimulates the TF Sox9 which stimulates AMH causing the regression of the paramesonehpric duct btw weeks 8-10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drives the mesonephric ducts to form their derivitives and what are they?

A
  • Leydig cells producing testosterone
  • Forms efferent ductules
  • Epididymis
  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the male when the paramesonephric duct regresses what is left behind?

A
  • Utricle
  • Appendix epididymis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Fetal Leydig cells.

A
  • They’re only present in fetal life, they regress in fetal/early postnatal life
  • Produce testosterone around weeks 8-12 driven by hCG from the placenta to form the mesonephric duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does 5-a hydroxylase do?

A
  • Converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone which will cause:
    • Genital tubercle to develop into the penis
    • Genital swellings to develop into scrotum
    • Urethral epithelium to develop into prostate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do adult leydig cells do?

A

responsible for androgen production causing initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty and masculinization of brain and sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the seminal vesicle and vas deferens come from?

A

Buds from mesonephric duct in the intermediate mesoderm of the urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the prostate gland bud from?

A

Endoderm of urogenital sinus in region of the pelvic urethra around week 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do bulbourethral glands come from?

A

Endodermal buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the genital tubercle?

A
  • ectodermal covered mesodermal swelling at ventral and cranial end of phallic portion of urogenital plate
17
Q

What is the glans plate?

A

remnanats of cloacal membrane at the ventral end of the urogenital plate and adjacent genital tubercle

18
Q

What is the urogenital plate?

A

Rupture of the cloacal membrane opening the phallic portion of the urogenital sinus to exterior forming endodermally lined platej

19
Q

How does DHT impact labioscrotal swellings and genital tubercle?

A

It drives the lengthening and growth of genital tubercle and fusion of the labioscrotal swellings to form scrotum

20
Q

When does the urethra close?

A

week 14

21
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Most common birth defect in males after cryptorchidism, failure of the urethral fold to close fully

22
Q

What is epispadias

A

Genital tubercle forms inferior to glans plate and urethra opens superior to penis, rare

23
Q

In the absence of SRY gene, what drives ovarian development?

A

WNT-4 and FOXL2

  • Constant expression of FOXL2 suppresses SOX-9 development which maintains the female gonad development
24
Q

In absense of SRY what do primordial germ ccells differentiate into and what about the somatic support cells

A

Oogonia which proliferate and differentiate into oocytes and follicle cells surrounds surround oocytes blocking meiosis I

25
Q

In the absence of sertoli and leydig cells in women, what occurs?

A

NO AMH is produced so the paramesonephric ducts are retained and mesonephric duct system is lost

26
Q

What happens during weeks 9-10 in uterus formation?

A

Fusioin of the inferior paramesonephric ducts form the uterus and uterine tubes are unfused superior portion of the paramesonephric ducts

27
Q

How does the vagina form?

A

Forms from lengthening of solid sinuvaginal bulbs which come from endoderm, and it eventually canalizes

28
Q

What does the vaginal fornix form from?

A

Fussed paramesonephric ducts (mesoderm)

29
Q

What causes vaginal agenesis?

A

failed sinovaginal bulb development &/or canalization

30
Q

In the female what is the phallic segment of the urogenital sinus made of?

A
  • Urogenital plate
  • Glans plate
  • Genital tubercle
31
Q

glans clitoris forms from what?

A

genital tubercle

32
Q

How does the broad ligament form??

A
  • Midline fusion of paramesonephric ductrs brings the urogenital ridge within the pelvic cavity and its covered with peritoneum
  • When the uterus is formed the tissue thins forming double fold of peritoneum supporting the uterus and ovary
33
Q

Round ligament of ovary connecting it to uterus develops from ___.

A

Superior gubernaculum

34
Q

Round ligament of uterus connecting uterus to labia majora forms from ____.

A

Inferior gubernaculum

35
Q

Patient has genotype of 46,XY and has testis but phenotype is female. What could it be?

A

Could be:

  • Inadequate production of testosterone
  • Androgen insensivity syndrome
  • 5-alpha reductase deficiency (cant go from testosterone to DHT)
  • Mutations in AMH hormone or receptor
36
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome in males?

A
  • X linked recessive
  • Male may have testis but no spermatogenesis and testosterone levels may be high due to lack of NFB bc body can’t detect testesterone
  • At puberty testosterone is metabolized to estradiol initiating female seocondary characteristics but patients exhibit amenorrhea
  • Testes usually found in inguinal or labial regions
  • Has increased risk of tumor formation in gonads
37
Q

What is 5-alpha reductase deficiency in males?

A
  • XY 46 genotype
  • Auto recessive
  • Normal testis and duct system, could make AMH and testosterone
  • Underdeveloped male external genitalia due to lack of DHT
    • depending on level of deficiency patient can exhibit external female phenotype
38
Q

Female congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A
  • Fetus produces excess androgens resulting in masculinizaton of female external genitalia
    • could result in labia fusing
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is most common cause of female sexual ambiguity
    • deficiency in 21 hydroxylase

GIGU Final (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions