female reproductive Flashcards by Jetta Brady

ovaries

produce eggs and hormones

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uterine tubes

transport the eggs into the uterus

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uterus

where fetal development occurs

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vagina

birth canal

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external genitalia

constitute the vuvla

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What is the capsule of the ovary called?

tunica albuginea

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What is below the capsule of the ovary?

cortex– contains follicles with egg cells

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What is the medulla of the ovary composed as?

connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics

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What are the 4 functions of the ovarian follicle?

1) contain oocytes in various stages of development
2) secrete estrogens
3) secrete progesterone
4) the Mature (Graafian) follicle releases an oocyte each month during ovulation

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What does secretion of estrogen from ovarian follicles do?

that function for: developpments of female reproductive organs; growth and repair of uterine endometrium, development of the breast stroma, fat and ducts; regulation of the monthly female cycle; development of the female secondary sexual characteristics, maintenance of bone and muscle tissues

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What does secretion of progesterone fromm ovarian follicles do?

promote secretory changes in the uterine endometrium
promote secretory changes in the fallopian tubes
development of the breasts lobules and alveoli

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What are the two stages of follicular development?

1) primordial follice- single layer of squamous cells around the oocyte
2) primary follicle- many layers of cuboidal granulosa cells around the oocyte secrete estrogen

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In the ovarian follicle, what causes a rapid growth of primary follicles form 6 to 12?

increased pituitary FSH secretion

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In the ovarian follicle, proliferation of granulosa cells form more layers secreting what?

estrogens and follicular fluid

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What do the spindle cells from the ovary interstitium form?

theca externa and theca interna layers secreting estrogens and progesterone

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Antral follicles grow into _____ ______.

vesicular follicles

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What is ovulation (when talking about the ovarian follicle)?

follicle ruptures releasing oocyte surrounded by the corona radiata

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What hormone causes rapid growth, swelling and the maturation o f one follicle 2 days before ovulation?

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What secretes more progesterone during ovulation?

granulosa and theca cells

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When is the ovum released and what is it surrounded by?

surrounded by corona radiata

- released 14 days before menstruation

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What forms lutein cells?

granulosa and theca cells in the ruptured follicle under LH

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Theca cells secrete ____ which are then converted to estrogens by ___ enzyme.

androgens

aromatase enzyme

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lutein cells degenerate into ____ ____ after 12 days.

corpus albicans

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What 4 things does the corpus luteum secrete?

progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin

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What does progesterone do?

completes the preparation of uterine lining

What does inhibin do?

decrease secretion of FSH and LH

What is the corpus albicans?

white scar tissue left after the corpus luteum dies

What are oogonia and what is it called when they degenerate?

primordial germ cells from yolk sac migrate to ovary and become potential egg cells -when they degenerate- atresia

How many primary oocytes are present at birth (immature eggs cells)?

1-2 million

What inhibits further development of the oocytes during childhood?

granulosa cells oocyte inhibiting factor

what is the infundibulum?

open, funnel shaped portion near the ovary

what ar ethe fimbriae?

finger like processes at the end of the infundibulum

What is the ampulla of the fallopian tubes?

central region of the tube

What are the function of the fallopian tubes?

fimbriae sweep oocyte into the tube, cilia and peristasis move it along, sperm reaches oocyte in ampulla, fertilization occurs within 24 hours of ovulation, zygote reaches uterus about 7 days after ovulation

what are the three parts of the uterus?

fundus, body and cervix

What kind of cells is the endometirum made of?

simple columnar epithelium

What does the basal sublayer do in the endometrium?

replaces the functional layer each motnh after menstruation

What is the hormonal cycle?

a monthly hormonal cycle form the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovary

What is the ovarian cycle?

chanfes in ovary during development of the follicle and oocyte, ovulation and corupus luteum formation

What is the uterine cycle?

changes in the uterine endometrium lining

Where is GnRH secreted from?

hypothalamus

What does GnRH do?

stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH

What two hormone stimulate the ovarian secretion of estorgens and progesterone?

FSH and LH

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?

1) follicular phase | 2) luteal phase

What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

- FSH stimulates follicle growth - primordial follicle --> mature (Graafian) follicle - granulosa and theca cells secrete estrogen and inhibin - inc levels of estrogen and inhibin inhibit FSH - inc estrogen stimulates LH

What does LH stimulate in the follicular phase?

rupture of the mature follicle and release of the oocyte from the ovary

What occurs during the luteal phase of ovarian cycle? (after ovulaiton)

- LH stimulates development of corpus luteum from ovulated or ruptured follicle - corpus luteum secretes mostly progesterone and some estrogens - progesterone prepares endometrium for possible pregnancy

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

1) proliferative phase 2) secretory phase 3) menstruation phase

What occurs in the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

rising estrigen levels from the growing follicle cells stimulate growth of the funcitonal layer of the uterine endometrium from 4-10mm thickness

What occurs in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

- corpus luteum of ovary secretes progesterone - progesterone then stimulates increased thickness of functional layer of uterine endometrium, increases blood supply into the endometrium , growth of endometrial glands and secretion of uterine milk

What occurs during the mestruation phase of the uterine cycle?

- decline in progesterone levels causing functional layer of the endometrium to be discharged reuslting in vaginal bleeding - mark the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next

When does fertilization occur?

can only occur if intercourse happened 4-5 days before or a few hours after ovulation

What is the rhythm method?

- AVOIDING INTERCOURSE NEAR THE PREDICTED TIME OF OVULATION. - THE INTERVAL FROM OVULATION TO MENSTRUATION IS 13 – 15 DAYS. - REGULAR PERIODICITY OF THE CYCLE IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUCCESS.

What does 'the pill' do?

hormonal supression of ovulation by preventing the preovulatory LH surge

When there are no anatomical abnormalitlies in the female genital organs, what is infertility due to?

abnormal physiological funciton of the genital system or abnormal genetic ovum development

What is the most common cause of female infertility?

hyposecretion of LH leading to failure of the preovulatory LH surge

What is endometriosis?

growth of endometrial tissues in the pelvic cavity surrounding the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

Fibrosis around the ovaries prevent ____ and ____ release.

ovulation | ovum release

Fibrosis of the fallopian tubes prevent __ ___ and fertilization.

ovum transport

What is salpingitis?

inflammation of the fallopian tubes causing fibrosis or occlution

When is a viscous cervical mucus plug formed?

formed due to low-grade cervical infections or abnormal hormonal stimulation othe cervix -prevent uterine sperm mobility

If no pregnancy, increasing levels of progesterone cause ___ feedback that ___ LH secretion.

negative feedback | inhibits

What happens to the corpus luteum when no pregnancy occurs?

atrophies to corpus albicans or white body

If pregnancy does not occur, what happens to progesterone and estrogen levels?

decline

Starting a new cycle, what starts a new cycle of follicle growth in ovaries and endometrium preparation in uterus?

renewed secretion of GnRH, FSH and LH

What is menarche?

first menstruation cycle

What is anovulatory cycle?

cycle without ovulation

What is amenorrhea?

periodic cessation of menstruation

what is menopause?

complete cessation of menstruation

What is eunuchism?

no ovaries form birth

What is hypogonadism?

less than normal hormonal secretion by the ovaries

female reproductive Flashcards

(71 cards)