limbic

Question 1

excitation of cortical activity

Answer 1

BFA in pons/midbrain

Question 2

inhibition of cortical activity

Answer 2

medial/ventrla medulla

Question 3

reticular formation includes BFA; located where and mediates what?

Answer 3

in upper pons (midbrian)

mediates arousal and alertness

Question 4

excitatory NT from BFA

Answer 4

acetylcholine

Question 5

excitatroy NT from substantia nigra

Answer 5

dopamine

Question 6

excitatory NT from locus ceruleus

Answer 6

NE

Question 7

inhibitory NT from raphe nuclei (rostral and ventral divisions)

Answer 7

serotonin

Question 8

Gigantocellular neurons in BFA ascend to ____ and descends to _____.

Answer 8

ascends to thalamic nuclei for arousal

descends to spinal cord for tone of antigravity muscles

Question 9

Parvocellular neuronston intralaminar nuclei (thalamus) does what?

Answer 9

modulates pain pathways

Question 10

What becomes active during REM sleep phase?

Answer 10

NE

Question 11

Locus ceruleus (midbrain) diffuse excitation tot cortex for wakefulness

Answer 11

NE

Question 12

substantia nigra neurons to putamen/caudate control of movement/thoguht

Answer 12

dopamine

Question 13

receptors for excitatory dopamine

Answer 13

D1 receptors (inncrease cAMP)

Question 14

receptors for inhibitory dopamine

Answer 14

D2 receptors

decrease in cAMP– rare

Question 15

ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons to limbic structures influence..

Answer 15

mood

Question 16

schizophrenia in the VTA

Answer 16

lack of focused thought

Question 17

cell bodies in raphe nuclei

Answer 17

serotonin

Question 18

dorsal raphe projects to what 4 places

Answer 18

thalamus, cortex, cerebellum, BFA

Question 19

serotonin in dorsal raphe inihibts what

Answer 19

inhibits cortical activity

inihibition of BFA induces sleep

Question 20

caudal raphe project where?

Answer 20

to spinal cord and suppress pain pathways

Question 21

5 functions of the hypothalaus under vegetative control

Answer 21

1. ANS
2. endocrine system regulation
3. core body temp
4. feeding
5. sleep

Question 22

conscious hypothalamus

Answer 22

1. rage vs fight or flight

2. reward and punishment

Question 23

define limbic system

Answer 23

neuronal circuits involved in memory that influence behavior and motivation

Question 24

what does HOME stnad for

Answer 24

homeostasis, olfaciton, memory, emotion

Question 25

lateral area of the mid-hypothalamus

Answer 25

inhibtiory to adjacent hypothalamic nuclei for reciprocal control of feeding, thirst, rage

Question 26

perventricular area of the mid-hypothalamus

Answer 26

septum area and nucleus accumbens (reward center circuitry)

Question 27

3 regions of the hypothalamus

Answer 27

anterior (2) tuberal (6 nuclei) posterior (2)

Question 28

decrease feeding hormones from the hypothalamus

Answer 28

alpha-MSH, leptin, insulin, CCK, peptide YY (PYY)

Question 29

increase feeding hormones from the hypothalamus

Answer 29

neuropeptide Y, orexins A & B, ghrelin

Question 30

What 2 nuclei regulate feeding and energy expenditure?

Answer 30

arcuate and paraventricular

Question 31

role of anterior nucleus in core temperature

Answer 31

heat dissipation - sweating - panting - behavioral adaption

Question 32

role of posteriror nucleus in core temperature

Answer 32

heat conservation - shivering - increase TSH and increased metabolism - behavorial adaption

Question 33

Wakefulness innducers orexin A, B located where?

Answer 33

lateral hypothalamus

Question 34

wakefulness inducer histamine is located where?

Answer 34

posterior hypothalamus

Question 35

Where are the reward centers?

Answer 35

lateral and VM nucleus of hypothalamus | others include amygdala and septum

Question 36

Where is the punishment center located?

Answer 36

periaqueductal gray (PAG) in midbrain (most potent)