Female Reproductive Pathologies Flashcards
(28 cards)
Benign smooth-muscle tumors that can vary in size and number
uterine fibroids
(or leiomyomas)
What stimulates growth of leiomyomas?
estrogen
What can leiomyomas cause?
5 things
- pressure on other organs if its large
- heavy and/or long periods
- bleeding b/w periods
- pelvic cramps
- frequent urination
Radiographic appearance of leiomyomas
KUB - mottled, mulberry, or popcorn calcification.
- Smooth lobulated nodules, stippled or whorled
US or MRI also used
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Where does breast cancer often develop?
Glandular cells in epithelial tissue of the ducts or lobules
How will breast cancer present?
- lump
- skin thickening
- dimpling (peau d’orange)
- nipple retraction
Modality for breast cancer?
Mammography
radiographic appearance of breast cancer:
- mass and/or calcifications
- mass with areas of distortion and irregular margins with lots of fine strands or spicules coming off it
- thickened skin
- nipple retraction
what does breast cancer ‘in situ’ mean?
In situ: stays in the duct (DCIS) or lobule (LCIS) it originated from
What are the symptoms of DCIS or LCIS
asymptomatic
almost all breast cancers appear as what?
a mass and or clustered calcifications
What is required when mass and or calcifications are seen on breast images?
biopsy asap
What are the three ways of breast biopsy?
- Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
- Core biopsy (w/ or w/o vacuum assistance)
- Surgical/open biopsy
What is the most COMMON BENIGN condition of the breast?
Fibrocystic Breast changes (FBC)
What is a cyst?
Benign fluid filled sac, well circumscribed
Radiographic appearance(mammography) of cyst:
- smooth, well circumscribed circular radiopaque mass
- no spiculation
- may have a halo surrounding it
What is needed to differentiate cystic vs solid?
US
breast tissue thickens, multiple cysts develop
Fibrocystic breast changes (FBC)
How do cysts typically appear in FBC?
- usually bilateral
- size changes WITH menstrual cycle (and caffeine)
- cysts vary in size number and composition tho (more fibrous tissue may be present in breast than cyst)
What is the most common benign breast TUMOR:
Fibroadenoma
What do fibroadenomas consist of?
fibrous and glandular tissue
What are fibroadenomas
- smooth, round or oval, gently lobulated
- solid lesions
- not pre-cancerous
- painless lump
Fibroadenoma radiographic appearance:
- smooth, well circumscribed, often lobulated mass
- no spiculation
- popcorn calcifications may be present
